• Legal Information
• ▶DirectX Software Development Kit
• ▼DirectX Graphics
  • ▼Direct3D 9
    • Converting to Direct3D 9
    • ▶Programming Guide
    • ▶Graphics Tools
    • ▶Tutorials and Samples
    • ▼Reference
      • ▶Direct3D Reference
      • ▶D3DX Reference
      • ▼HLSL Shader Reference
        • ▶Variable Declaration Syntax
        • ▶Function Declaration Syntax
        • Shader Semantic Syntax
        • Fragment Declaration Syntax
        • Appendix
        • ▼HLSL Intrinsic Functions
          • abs - HLSL
          • acos - HLSL
          • all - HLSL
          • any - HLSL
          • asin - HLSL
          • atan - HLSL
          • atan2 - HLSL
          • ceil - HLSL
          • clamp - HLSL
          • clip - HLSL
          • cos - HLSL
          • cosh - HLSL
          • cross - HLSL
          • D3DCOLORtoUBYTE4 - HLSL
          • ddx - HLSL
          • ddy - HLSL
          • degrees - HLSL
          • determinant - HLSL
          • distance - HLSL
          • dot - HLSL
          • exp - HLSL
          • exp2 - HLSL
          • faceforward - HLSL
          • floor - HLSL
          • fmod - HLSL
          • frac - HLSL
          • frexp - HLSL
          • fwidth - HLSL
          • isfinite - HLSL
          • isinf - HLSL
          • isnan - HLSL
          • ldexp - HLSL
          • length - HLSL
          • lerp - HLSL
          • lit - HLSL
          • log - HLSL
          • log2 - HLSL
          • log10 - HLSL
          • max - HLSL
          • min - HLSL
          • modf - HLSL
          • mul - HLSL
          • noise - HLSL
          • normalize - HLSL
          • pow - HLSL
          • radians - HLSL
          • reflect - HLSL
          • refract - HLSL
          • round - HLSL
          • rsqrt - HLSL
          • saturate - HLSL
          • sign - HLSL
          • sin - HLSL
          • sincos - HLSL
          • sinh - HLSL
          • smoothstep - HLSL
          • sqrt - HLSL
          • step - HLSL
          • tan - HLSL
          • tanh - HLSL
          • tex1D - HLSL
          • tex1Dbias - HLSL
          • tex1Dlod - HLSL
          • tex1Dgrad - HLSL
          • tex1Dproj - HLSL
          • tex2D - HLSL
          • tex2Dbias - HLSL
          • tex2Dlod - HLSL
          • tex2Dgrad - HLSL
          • tex2Dproj - HLSL
          • tex3D - HLSL
          • tex3Dbias - HLSL
          • tex3Dlod - HLSL
          • tex3Dgrad - HLSL
          • tex3Dproj - HLSL
          • texCUBE - HLSL
          • texCUBEbias - HLSL
          • texCUBElod - HLSL
          • texCUBEgrad - HLSL
          • texCUBEproj - HLSL
          • transpose - HLSL
      • ▶Effect Reference
      • ▶Asm Shader Reference
      • ▶DXUT Reference
      • ▶X File Reference
      • ▶X File Reference (Legacy)
      • ▶DDS File Reference
• ▶DirectX Input
• ▶DirectX Audio
• ▶DirectX SDK Technical Articles
• Glossary
• ▶DirectX SDK
• ▶DirectMusic
• ▶DirectPlay