This manual uses the following conventions to distinguish elements of text:
| Convention | Purpose |
|---|---|
| UPPERCASE | Represents Transact-SQL syntax, paths, and filenames. |
| MIXEDcase | Shows syntax abbreviations. The uppercase portion is required; the lowercase portion is optional. |
| small capitals | Represent key names, such as ctrl. |
| bold | Represents system procedures, utility programs, commands, and user-entered text. |
| italic | Represents database names, table names, column names, index names, and variables. |
| monospace | Represents examples, display text, and error messages. |
| [brackets] | Identify optional items in syntax. Type only the information within the brackets; do not type the brackets. |
| {braces} | Identify required items in syntax. Type only the information within the braces; do not type the braces. |
| | (vertical bar) | Means "or" and signifies that you can choose only one of the items within the brackets or braces. |
| ... (ellipsis) | Indicates that you can repeat the previous syntax item. |