The following table lists the command syntax for NTSD and KD debugging commands:
NTSD and KD Debugging Commands
| Syntax | Meaning |
|---|---|
| enter | Repeat last command |
| | [. | # | * | process-id] | Process status |
| ~ [. | # | * | ddd] | Thread status |
| # pattern address=expression | Search for dissassembly pattern |
| ? | Display debugger help |
| ? expression | Compute and display expression |
| $< filename | Redirect input from filename |
| a [address] | Assemble instruction mnemonics |
| ~ [[threadspec]] ba [[io]] option size address [[value]] [[cmd-string]] | Set address breakpoint (KD only — not implemented on MIPS or PowerPC) |
| bc [[id-list]] | Clear breakpoint(s) |
| bd [[id-list]] | Disable breakpoint(s) |
| be [[id-list]] | Enable breakpoint(s) |
| bl | List breakpoint(s) |
| ~ [[. | # | ddd | *]] [[threadspec]] bp [[id]] address [[value]] [[command-string]] | Set breakpoints |
| c [[ range]] address | Compare |
| d [[range]] | Dump memory using previous type |
| da [[range]] | Dump memory ASCII |
| db [[range]] | Dump memory bytes |
| dd [[range]] | Dump memory double-words |
| dw [[range]] | Dump memory words |
| e address [[list]] | Enter using previous type |
| ea address [[list]] | Enter ASCII |
| eb address [[list]] | Enter bytes |
| ed address [[list]] | Enter double-words |
| ew address [[list]] | Enter words |
| f range list | Fill range |
| ~ [[. | # | * | ddd]] f | Freeze thread |
| g, gh, and gn | Go commands |
| i [[b | w | d]] address | Input from port at address (KD only) |
| .inputfile filename | Read from command file |
| j expression [[']]command1[[']] ; [[']]command2[[']] | Conditional execution |
| ~ [[threadspec]] k [[value]] | Backtrace stack |
| ln address | Lists first symbols before and after address |
| .logappend [[file]] | Append to the current log file |
| .logclose | Close the current log file |
| .logopen [[file]] | Open a log file |
| m range address | Move |
| o [[b | w | d]] address value | Output value to port at address (KD only) |
| [[. | # | * | ddd]] p [[r]] [[= startaddress]] [[repeat]] | Execute an instruction, then display registers and flags |
| ~ [[threadspec]] p [[= startaddress]] [[value]] | Trace program instruction or call |
| q | Quit |
| [[threadspec]] r [[t]] [[register]] [[= [[value]] ]] | Register set (rt toggles full register display — KD only) |
| [[threadspec]] rf [[floatregister]] [[= [[value]] ]] | Register set command for floating-point values |
| .reboot | Restart target computer (KD only — not implemented on MIPS or PowerPC) |
| !reload | Load symbols for all the drivers that have been loaded on the target system. |
| s range list | Search range for bytes in list |
| ss [[n | a | w]] | Set suffix to n for none, a for ASCII, or w for wide. With no argument, prints current suffix setting. |
| sx [[e | d]] [[eventcode | exceptnum]] | Set exceptions (NTSD only) |
| s+ | Set source display only |
| s& | Set mixed assembler and source display mode |
| s – | Set assembler display only |
| | [[. | # | process-id]] s | Set process |
| ~ [[. | # | ddd]] s | Set thread |
| t [[r]] [[= startaddress]] [[repeat]] | Trace program instruction |
| ~ [[. | # | * | ddd]] p [[t]] [[= startaddress]] [[repeat]] | Trace thread |
| u [[range]] | Display unassembled instructions |
| ~ [[. | # | * | ddd]] u | Unfreeze thread |
| v range | View source lines |
| x symbol | Examine symbol(s) |