The WSPIoctl function controls the mode of a socket.
int WSPIoctl (
SOCKET s,
DWORD dwIoControlCode,
LPVOID lpvInBuffer,
DWORD cbInBuffer,
LPVOID lpvOutBuffer,
DWORD cbOutBuffer,
LPDWORD lpcbBytesReturned,
LPWSAOVERLAPPED lpOverlapped,
LPWSAOVERLAPPED_COMPLETION_ROUTINE lpCompletionRoutine,
LPWSATHREADID lpThreadId,
LPINT lpErrno
);
This routine is used to set or retrieve operating parameters associated with the socket, the transport protocol, or the communications subsystem. If both lpOverlapped and lpCompletionRoutine are NULL, the socket in this function will be treated as a non-overlapped socket.
For nonoverlapped sockets, lpOverlapped and lpCompletionRoutine parameters are ignored, and this function can block if socket s is in the blocking mode. Note that if socket s is in the nonblocking mode, this function can return WSAEWOULDBLOCK if the specified operation cannot be finished immediately. In this case, the Windows Sockets SPI client may change the socket to the blocking mode and reissue the request request or wait for the corresponding network event (such as FD_ROUTING_INTERFACE_CHANGE or FD_ADDRESS_LIST_CHANGE in case of SIO_ROUTING_INTERFACE_CHANGE or SIO_ADDRESS_LIST_CHANGE) using Windows message (via WSPAsyncSelect or event (using WSPEventSelect) based notification mechanism.. For overlapped sockets, operations that cannot be completed immediately will be initiated, and completion will be indicated at a later time. The final completion status is retrieved through the WSPGetOverlappedResult.
Any ioctl may block indefinitely, depending on the implementation of the service provider. If the Windows Sockets SPI client cannot tolerate blocking in a WSPIoctl call, overlapped I/O would be advised for ioctls that are especially likely to block including:
SIO_FINDROUTE
SIO_FLUSH
SIO_GET_QOS
SIO_GET_GROUP_QOS
SIO_SET_QOS
SIO_SET_GROUP_QOS
SIO_ROUTING_INTERFACE_CHANGE
SIO_ADDRESS_LIST_CHANGE
Some protocol-specific ioctls may also be especially likely to block. Check the relevant protocol-specific annex for any available information.
In as much as the dwIoControlCode parameter is now a 32-bit entity, it is possible to adopt an encoding scheme that provides a convenient way to partition the opcode identifier space. The dwIoControlCode parameter is architected to allow for protocol and vendor independence when adding new control codes, while retaining backward compatibility with Windows Sockets 1.1 and Unix control codes. The dwIoControlCode parameter has the following form:
| 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 2 | 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 | 1 1 1 1 1 1 |
| 1 | 0 | 9 | 8 7 | 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 9 8 7 6 | 5 4 3 2 1 0 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 |
| I | O | V | T | Vendor/Address Family | Code |
I is set if the input buffer is valid for the code, as with IOC_IN.
O is set if the output buffer is valid for the code, as with IOC_OUT. Note that for codes with both input and output parameters, both I and O will be set.
V is set if there are no parameters for the code, as with IOC_VOID.
T is a two-bit quantity which defines the type of ioctl. The following values are defined:
0 – The ioctl is a standard Unix ioctl code, as with FIONREAD and FIONBIO.
1 – The ioctl is a generic Windows Sockets 2 ioctl code. New ioctl codes defined for Windows Sockets 2 will have T == 1.
2 – The ioctl applies only to a specific address family.
3 – The ioctl applies only to a specific vendor's provider. This type allows companies to be assigned a vendor number which appears in the Vendor/AddressFamily field. Then, the vendor can define new ioctls specific to that vendor without having to register the ioctl with a clearinghouse, thereby providing vendor flexibility and privacy.
Vendor/Address Family - An 11-bit quantity which defines the vendor who owns the code (if T == 3) or which contains the address family to which the code applies (if T == 2). If this is a Unix ioctl code (T == 0) then this field has the same value as the code on Unix. If this is a generic Windows Sockets 2 ioctl (T == 1) then this field can be used as an extension of the "code" field to provide additional code values.
Code – The specific ioctl code for the operation.
The following Unix commands are supported:
The WSPAsyncSelect or WSPEventSelect routine automatically sets a socket to nonblocking mode. If WSPAsyncSelect or WSPEventSelect has been issued on a socket, then any attempt to use WSPIoctl to set the socket back to blocking mode will fail with WSAEINVAL. To set the socket back to blocking mode, a Windows Sockets SPI client must first disable WSPAsyncSelect by calling WSPAsyncSelect with the lEvent parameter equal to zero, or disable WSPEventSelect by calling WSPEventSelect with the lNetworkEvents parameter equal to zero.
The following Windows Sockets 2 commands are supported:
A companion interface might be used, for example, if a particular provider provides (1) a great deal of additional controls over the behavior of a socket and (2) the controls are provider-specific enough that they do not map to existing Windows Socket functions or ones likely to be defined in the future. It is recommend that the Component Object Model (COM) be used instead of this ioctl to discover and track other interfaces that might be supported by a socket. This ioctl is present for (reverse) compatibility with systems where COM is not available or cannot be used for some other reason.
It is recommend that the Component Object Model (COM) be used instead of this ioctl to discover and track other interfaces that might be supported by a socket. his ioctl is present for (reverse) compatibility with systems where COM is not available or cannot be used for some other reason.
Note that routes are subject to change. Therefore, Windows Socket SPI clients cannot rely on the information returned by SIO_ROUTING_INTERFACE_QUERY to be persistent. SPI clients may register for routing change notifications using the SIO_ROUTING_INTERFACE_CHANGE IOCTL which provides for notification via either overlapped IO or FD_ROUTING_INTERFACE_CHANGE event. The following sequence of actions can be used to guarantee that the Windows Socket SPI client always has current routing interface information for a given destination:
If output buffer is not large enough to contain the interface address, SOCKET_ERROR is returned as the result of this IOCTL and WSPGetLastError returns WSAEFAULT. The required size of the output buffer will be returned in lpcbBytesReturned in this case. Note the WSAEFAULT error code is also returned if the lpvInBuffer, lpvOutBuffer or lpcbBytesReturned parameter is not totally contained in a valid part of the user address space.
If the destination address specified in the input buffer cannot be reached via any of the available interfaces, SOCKET_ERROR is returned as the result of this IOCTL and WSAGetLastError returns WSAENETUNREACH or even WSAENETDOWN if all of the network connectivity is lost.
It is assumed (although not required) that the Windows Socket SPI client uses overlapped IO to be notified of routing interface change via completion of SIO_ROUTING_INTERFACE_CHANGE request. Alternatively, if the SIO_ROUTING_INTERFACE_CHANGE IOCTL is issued on non-blocking socket AND without overlapped parameters (lpOverlapped / CompletionRoutine are set NULL), it will complete immediately with error WSAEWOULDBLOCK, and the Windows Socket SPI client can then wait for routing change events using a call to WSPEventSelect or WSPAsyncSelect with FD_ROUTING_INTERFACE_CHANGE bit set in the network event bitmask
It is recognized that routing information remains stable in most cases so that requiring the Windows Socket SPI client to keep multiple outstanding IOCTLs to get notifications about all destinations that it is interested in as well as having service provider to keep track of all them will unnecessarily tie significant system resources. This situation can be avoided by extending the meaning of the input parameters and relaxing the service provider requirements as follows:
The Windows Socket SPI client can specify a protocol family specific wildcard address (same as one used in bind call when requesting to bind to any available address) to request notifications of any routing changes. This allows the Windows Socket SPI client to keep only one outstanding SIO_ROUTING_INTERFACE_CHANGE for all the sockets/destinations it has and then use SIO_ROUTING_INTERFACE_QUERY to get the actual routing information
Service provider can opt to ignore the information supplied by the Windows Socket SPI client in the input buffer of the SIO_ROUTING_INTERFACE_CHANGE (as though the Windows Socket SPI client specified a wildcard address) and complete the SIO_ROUTING_INTERFACE_CHANGE IOCTL or signal FD_ROUTING_INTERFACE_CHANGE event in the event of any routing information change (not just the route to the destination specified in the input buffer).
typedef struct _SOCKET_ADDRESS_LIST {
….INT iAddressCount;
….SOCKET_ADDRESS Address[1];
} SOCKET_ADDRESS_LIST, FAR * LPSOCKET_ADDRESS_LIST;
Members:
….iAddressCount- number of address structures in the list;
….Address- array of protocol family specific address structures.
Note that in Win32 Plug-n-Play environments addresses can be added/removed dynamically. Therefore, Windows Socket SPI clients cannot rely on the information returned by SIO_ADDRESS_LIST_QUERY to be persistent. Windows Socket SPI clients may register for address change notifications via the SIO_ADDRESS_LIST_CHANGE IOCTL which provides for notification via either overlapped IO or FD_ADDRESS_LIST_CHANGE event. The following sequence of actions can be used to guarantee that the Windows Socket SPI client always has current address list information:
If output buffer is not large enough to contain the address list, SOCKET_ERROR is returned as the result of this IOCTL and WSPGetLastError returns WSAEFAULT. The required size of the output buffer will be returned in lpcbBytesReturned in this case. Note the WSAEFAULT error code is also returned if the lpvInBuffer, lpvOutBuffer or lpcbBytesReturned parameter is not totally contained in a valid part of the user address space.
It is assumed (although not required) that the Windows Socket SPI client uses overlapped IO to be notified of change via completion of SIO_ADDRESS_LIST_CHANGE request. Alternatively, if the SIO_ADDRESS_LIST_CHANGE IOCTL is issued on non-blocking socket AND without overlapped parameters (lpOverlapped / lpCompletionRoutine are set to NULL), it will complete immediately with error WSAEWOULDBLOCK. The Windows Socket SPI client can then wait for address list change events via call to WSPEventSelect or WSPAsyncSelect with FD_ADDRESS_LIST_CHANGE bit set in the network event bitmask.
If an overlapped operation completes immediately, this function returns a value of zero and the lpcbBytesReturned parameter is updated with the number of bytes in the output buffer. If the overlapped operation is successfully initiated and will complete later, this function returns SOCKET_ERROR and indicates error code WSA_IO_PENDING. In this case, lpcbBytesReturned is not updated. When the overlapped operation completes the amount of data in the output buffer is indicated either through the cbTransferred parameter in the completion routine (if specified), or through the lpcbTransfer parameter in WSPGetOverlappedResult.
When called with an overlapped socket, the lpOverlapped parameter must be valid for the duration of the overlapped operation. The WSAOVERLAPPED structure has the following form:
typedef struct _WSAOVERLAPPED {
DWORD Internal; // reserved
DWORD InternalHigh; // reserved
DWORD Offset; // reserved
DWORD OffsetHigh; // reserved
WSAEVENT hEvent;
} WSAOVERLAPPED, FAR * LPWSAOVERLAPPED;
If the lpCompletionRoutine parameter is NULL, the service provider signals the hEvent field of lpOverlapped when the overlapped operation completes if it contains a valid event object handle. The Windows Sockets SPI client can use WSPGetOverlappedResult to poll or wait on the event object.
If lpCompletionRoutine is not NULL, the hEvent field is ignored and can be used by the Windows Sockets SPI client to pass context information to the completion routine. A client that passes a non-NULL lpCompletionRoutine and later calls WSAGetOverlappedResult for the same overlapped IO request may not set the fWait parameter for that invocation of WSAGetOverlappedResult to TRUE. In this case the usage of the hEvent field is undefined, and attempting to wait on the hEvent field would produce unpredictable results.
It is the service provider's responsibility to arrange for invocation of the client-specified completion routine when the overlapped operation completes. Since the completion routine must be executed in the context of the same thread that initiated the overlapped operation, it cannot be invoked directly from the service provider. The WS2_32.DLL offers an asynchronous procedure call (APC) mechanism to facilitate invocation of completion routines.
A service provider arranges for a function to be executed in the proper thread thread and process context by calling WPUQueueApc. This function can be called from any process and thread context, even a context different from the thread and process that was used to initiate the overlapped operation.
WPUQueueApc takes as input parameters a pointer to a WSATHREADID structure (supplied to the provider through the lpThreadId input parameter), a pointer to an APC function to be invoked, and a 32-bit context value that is subsequently passed to the APC function. Because only a single 32-bit context value is available, the APC function cannot itself be the client-specified completion routine. The service provider must instead supply a pointer to its own APC function which uses the supplied context value to access the needed result information for the overlapped operation, and then invokes the client-specified completion routine.
The prototype for the client-supplied completion routine is as follows:
void CALLBACK CompletionRoutine (
IN DWORD dwError,
IN DWORD cbTransferred,
IN LPWSAOVERLAPPED lpOverlapped,
IN DWORD dwFlags
);
CompletionRoutine is a placeholder for a client supplied function. dwError specifies the completion status for the overlapped operation as indicated by lpOverlapped. cbTransferred specifies the number of bytes returned. Currently there are no flag values defined and dwFlags will be zero. This function does not return a value.
Returning from this function allows invocation of another pending completion routine for this socket. The completion routines can be called in any order, though not necessarily in the same order that the overlapped operations are completed.
The ioctl codes with T == 0 are a subset of the ioctl codes used in Berkeley sockets. In particular, there is no command which is equivalent to FIOASYNC.
If no error occurs and the operation has completed immediately, WSPIoctl returns zero. Note that in this case the completion routine, if specified, will have already been queued. Otherwise, a value of SOCKET_ERROR is returned, and a specific error code is available in lpErrno. The error code WSA_IO_PENDING indicates that an overlapped operation has been successfully initiated and that completion will be indicated at a later time. Any other error code indicates that no overlapped operation was initiated and no completion indication will occur.
| WSAENETDOWN | The network subsystem has failed. |
| WSAEFAULT | The lpvInBuffer, lpvOutBuffer or lpcbBytesReturned argument is not totally contained in a valid part of the user address space, or the cbInBuffer or cbOutBuffer argument is too small. |
| WSAEINVAL | dwIoControlCode is not a valid command, or a supplied input parameter is not acceptable, or the command is not applicable to the type of socket supplied. |
| WSAEINPROGRESS | The function is invoked when a callback is in progress. |
| WSAENOTSOCK | The descriptor s is not a socket. |
| WSAEOPNOTSUPP | The specified ioctl command cannot be realized. For example, the flow specifications specified in SIO_SET_QOS or SIO_SET_GROUP_QOS cannot be satisfied. |
| WSA_IO_PENDING | An overlapped operation was successfully initiated and completion will be indicated at a later time. |
| WSAEWOULDBLOCK | The socket is marked as nonblocking and the requested operation would block. |
Windows NT: Yes
Windows: Yes
Windows CE: Unsupported.
Header: Declared in ws2spi.h.
WSPSocket, WSPSetSockOpt, WSPGetSockOpt, WPUQueueApc