Adding Lines and Graphs to a Menu

The following code sample shows how to create a menu that contains menu-item bitmaps. It creates two menus. The first is a Chart menu that contains three menu-item bitmaps: a pie chart, a line chart, and a bar chart. The example demonstrates how to load these bitmaps from the application's resource file, and then use the CreatePopupMenu and AppendMenu functions to create the menu and menu items.

The second menu is a Lines menu. It contains bitmaps showing the line styles provided by the predefined pen in the system. The line-style bitmaps are created at run time by using GDI functions.

Here are the definitions of the bitmap resources in the application's resource-definition file.

PIE BITMAP pie.bmp 
LINE BITMAP line.bmp 
BAR BITMAP bar.bmp 
 

Here are the relevant portions of the application's header file.

// Menu-item identifiers 
 
#define IDM_SOLID       PS_SOLID 
#define IDM_DASH        PS_DASH 
#define IDM_DASHDOT     PS_DASHDOT 
#define IDM_DASHDOTDOT  PS_DASHDOTDOT 
 
#define IDM_PIE  1 
#define IDM_LINE 2 
#define IDM_BAR  3 
 
// Line-type flags  
 
#define SOLID       0 
#define DOT         1 
#define DASH        2 
#define DASHDOT     3 
#define DASHDOTDOT  4 
 
// Count of pens  
 
#define CPENS 5 
 
// Chart-type flags  
 
#define PIE  1 
#define LINE 2 
#define BAR  3 
 
// Function prototypes  
 
LRESULT APIENTRY MainWndProc(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM); 
VOID MakeChartMenu(HWND); 
VOID MakeLineMenu(HWND, HPEN, HBITMAP); 
 

The following example shows how menus and menu-item bitmaps are created in an application.

LRESULT APIENTRY MainWndProc(HWND hwnd, UINT uMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) 
{ 
 
    static HPEN hpen[CPENS]; 
    static HBITMAP hbmp[CPENS]; 
    int i; 
 
    switch (uMsg) 
    { 
        case WM_CREATE: 
 
            // Create the Chart and Line menus.  
 
            MakeChartMenu(hwnd); 
            MakeLineMenu(hwnd, hpen, hbmp); 
            return 0; 
 
        // Process other window messages. 
 
        case WM_DESTROY: 
 
            for (i = 0; i < CPENS; i++) 
            { 
                DeleteObject(hbmp[i]); 
                DeleteObject(hpen[i]); 
            } 
 
            PostQuitMessage(0); 
            break; 
 
        default: 
            return DefWindowProc(hwnd, uMsg, wParam, lParam); 
    } 
    return NULL; 
} 
 
VOID MakeChartMenu(HWND hwnd) 
{ 
    HBITMAP hbmpPie;    // handle to pie chart bitmap   
    HBITMAP hbmpLine;   // handle to line chart bitmap  
    HBITMAP hbmpBar;    // handle to bar chart bitmap   
    HMENU hmenuMain;    // handle to main menu          
    HMENU hmenuChart;   // handle to Chart menu  
 
    // Load the pie, line, and bar chart bitmaps from the 
    // resource-definition file. 
 
    hbmpPie = LoadBitmap(hinst, MAKEINTRESOURCE(PIE)); 
    hbmpLine = LoadBitmap(hinst, MAKEINTRESOURCE(LINE)); 
    hbmpBar = LoadBitmap(hinst, MAKEINTRESOURCE(BAR)); 
 
    // Create the Chart menu and add it to the menu bar. 
    // Append the Pie, Line, and Bar menu items to the Chart 
    // menu. 
 
    hmenuMain = GetMenu(hwnd); 
    hmenuChart = CreatePopupMenu(); 
    AppendMenu(hmenuMain, MF_STRING | MF_POPUP, (UINT) hmenuChart, 
        "Chart"); 
    AppendMenu(hmenuChart, MF_BITMAP, IDM_PIE, (LPCTSTR) hbmpPie); 
    AppendMenu(hmenuChart, MF_BITMAP, IDM_LINE, 
        (LPCTSTR) hbmpLine); 
    AppendMenu(hmenuChart, MF_BITMAP, IDM_BAR, (LPCTSTR) hbmpBar); 
 
    return; 
} 
 
VOID MakeLineMenu(HWND hwnd, HPEN phpen, HBITMAP phbmp) 
{ 
    HMENU hmenuLines;       // handle to Lines menu      
    HMENU hmenu;            // handle to main menu              
    COLORREF crMenuClr;     // menu-item background color       
    HBRUSH hbrBackground;   // handle to background brush       
    HBRUSH hbrOld;          // handle to previous brush         
    WORD wLineX;            // width of line bitmaps            
    WORD wLineY;            // height of line bitmaps           
    HDC hdcMain;            // handle to main window's DC       
    HDC hdcLines;           // handle to compatible DC          
    HBITMAP hbmpOld;        // handle to previous bitmap        
    int i;                  // loop counter                     
 
    // Create the Lines menu. Add it to the menu bar.  
 
    hmenu = GetMenu(hwnd); 
    hmenuLines = CreatePopupMenu(); 
    AppendMenu(hmenu, MF_STRING | MF_POPUP, 
        (UINT) hmenuLines, "&Lines"); 
 
    // Create a brush for the menu-item background color.  
 
    crMenuClr = GetSysColor(COLOR_MENU); 
    hbrBackground = CreateSolidBrush(crMenuClr); 
 
    // Create a compatible device context for the line bitmaps, 
    // and then select the background brush into it. 
 
    hdcMain = GetDC(hwnd); 
    hdcLines = CreateCompatibleDC(hdcMain); 
    hbrOld = SelectObject(hdcLines, hbrBackground); 
 
    // Get the dimensions of the check-mark bitmap. The width of 
    // the line bitmaps will be five times the width of the 
    // check-mark bitmap. 
 
    wLineX = GetSystemMetrics(SM_CXMENUCHECK) * (WORD) 5; 
    wLineY = GetSystemMetrics(SM_CYMENUCHECK); 
 
    // Create the bitmaps and select them, one at a time, into the 
    // compatible device context. Initialize each bitmap by 
    // filling it with the menu-item background color. 
 
    for (i = 0; i < CPENS; i++) 
    { 
        phbmp[i] = CreateCompatibleBitmap(hdcMain, wLineX, wLineY); 
        if (i == 0) 
            hbmpOld = SelectObject(hdcLines, phbmp[i]); 
        else 
            SelectObject(hdcLines, phbmp[i]); 
        ExtFloodFill(hdcLines, 0, 0, crMenuClr, FLOODFILLBORDER); 
    } 
 
    // Create the pens.  
 
    phpen[0] = CreatePen(PS_SOLID, 1, RGB(0, 0, 0)); 
    phpen[1] = CreatePen(PS_DOT, 1, RGB(0, 0, 0)); 
    phpen[2] = CreatePen(PS_DASH, 1, RGB(0, 0, 0)); 
    phpen[3] = CreatePen(PS_DASHDOT, 1, RGB(0, 0, 0)); 
    phpen[4] = CreatePen(PS_DASHDOTDOT, 1, RGB(0, 0, 0)); 
 
    // Select a pen and a bitmap into the compatible device 
    // context, draw a line into the bitmap, and then append 
    // the bitmap as an item in the Lines menu. 
 
    for (i = 0; i < CPENS; i++) 
    { 
        SelectObject(hdcLines, phbmp[i]); 
        SelectObject(hdcLines, phpen[i]); 
        MoveToEx(hdcLines, 0, wLineY / 2, NULL); 
        LineTo(hdcLines, wLineX, wLineY / 2); 
        AppendMenu(hmenuLines, MF_BITMAP, i + 1, 
            (LPCTSTR) phbmp[i]); 
    } 
 
    // Release the main window's device context and destroy the 
    // compatible device context. Also, destroy the background 
    // brush. 
 
    ReleaseDC(hwnd, hdcMain); 
    SelectObject(hdcLines, hbrOld); 
    DeleteObject(hbrBackground); 
    SelectObject(hdcLines, hbmpOld); 
    DeleteDC(hdcLines); 
 
    return; 
}