XGEN: Credentials Caching for Internet Protocols

• Microsoft Exchange Server, version 5.0

SUMMARY

Microsoft Exchange Server version 5.0 supports a number of native Internet protocols, including SMTP, POP3, NNTP, and LDAP. Of these protocols, POP3, NNTP, and LDAP support authentication, in which the user's logon credentials are validated to determine their access permissions for the desired mailbox, newsgroup, or directory object. Exchange Server 5.0 supports both the strong Windows NT Challenge/Response authentication, which never passes the password across the network, as well as Basic (plain- text password) authentication. Basic authentication can optionally be combined with SSL network session encryption to protect passwords and content against sniffer attacks. All logon processes are mapped to a Windows NT security account, regardless of the authentication protocol used.

Credentials caching is only performed with Basic authentication, not with Windows NT Challenge/Response. With Basic authentication, the user's Internet client supplies the user's name and password to the Exchange Server computer over the wire in plain text. This is the standard method of operation for Internet protocols. The Exchange Server uses these credentials to create a session "as" the matching Windows NT user. For performance reasons, the server caches these credentials in memory.

The design of the cache is that after a user's credentials have been validated, the server saves the credentials (hashed using a secure hash) and their token in memory. Subsequent logon processes using the same credentials will use this cached token. Each credentials cache entry has a maximum lifetime of 2 hours (by default), and an idle lifetime of 15 minutes.

The idle lifetime is the lifetime of the credential if the user never logs on again with those credentials, the maximum lifetime is the total time a credential will be cached, even if the session is active, before being revalidated.

MORE INFORMATION

The credentials cache is controlled by the following registry values:

   HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\System\CurrentControlSet\Services
   \MsExchangeIs\ParametersNetIf
   \Credentials Cache Age Limit   (Default  = 120 minutes)

   HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\System\CurrentControlSet\Services
   \MsExchangeIs\ParametersNetIf
   \Credentials Cache Idle Limit   (Default = 15 minutes)

   HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\System\CurrentControlSet\Services
   \MsExchangeIs\ParametersNetIf
   \Credentials Cache Size (Default = 256 buckets; to turn
      off caching, you should set the size = 0)

Most users will not be affected by this issue. For some environments this behavior represents a relatively minor risk. If a user discovers that their password has been compromised and changes their password, there is an additional window of time (around 15 minutes if the session is idle) where an attacker could still use the compromised password to access mail or newsgroups via POP3 or NNTP.

Most users will not need to implement any changes to their environment. Users who need additional assurances can change the registry parameters indicated above to smaller values that are acceptable in their environment. Setting the credentials cache size to 0 (zero) will cause a new authentication to be performed for every Internet protocol user session. Because of the nature of Internet sessions, which are often short and bursty, the tradeoff for disabling credential caching is a potential reduction in performance. Performance will be affected depending on the number of Internet users on your system, the frequency with which they check mail, and the location and load of your Windows NT Domain Controllers. Setting the cache to zero is not recommended for most environments.

This behavior is by product design.

For information about how to change the delay before user tokens are updated in Microsoft Internet Information Server, please see the following article in the Microsoft Knowledge Base:

   Article-ID: Q152526
   TITLE:      Changing the Default Interval for User Tokens in IIS

Keywords          : XGen kbusage
Version           : 5.0
Platform          : winnt
Issue type        : kbinfo