FIX: FP Emulator Converts REAL to INTEGER Incorrectly

The information in this article applies to:

• Microsoft FORTRAN PowerStation for MS-DOS, version 1.0

SYMPTOMS

When an application developed in Microsoft FORTRAN PowerStation runs on a computer that does not have a math coprocessor installed, the code may convert a REAL variable or expression to an INTEGER variable incorrectly, resulting in incorrect results.

CAUSE

When an application immediately converts the results of a REAL calculation to an INTEGER value, the code does not remove the results from the coprocessor emulator stack. The numeric conversion routine __ftol (float to long) uses this extended coprocessor-stack-based value instead of the truncated contents stored in the variable. The __ftol function incorrectly rounds down the extended-precision result.

RESOLUTION

To work around this problem, use the NINT (round to nearest integer) intrinsic function to explicitly convert the expression or variable to an INTEGER.

The /Ox optimization compiler option switch may resolve this error. Among other optimizations, the /Ox switch calculates constant expressions at compile time. These calculations may correctly convert the REAL number to an INTEGER while the run-time calculation produces the incorrectly rounded result.

STATUS

Microsoft has confirmed this to be a problem in PowerStation versions 1.0 and 1.0a for MS-DOS. This problem has been resolved with FORTRAN PowerStation maintenance release version 1.0a for MS-DOS.

FORTRAN Powerstation version 1.0 can be differentiated from the maintenance release version 1.0a by invoking the linker. Typing "link32 | more" from the \f32\BIN directory will show version 2.8 for FORTRAN Powerstation version 1.0, and it will show 1.0f for the maintenance release version 1.0a.

MORE INFORMATION

The FORTRAN PowerStation floating-point emulator is a virtual dynamic- link library (DLL) in the Phar Lap MS-DOS extender. To duplicate this problem on a computer with a math coprocessor installed, type the following at the MS-DOS command prompt:

   SET TNT=-FPEM

The following code example prints the word "Failed" when it runs with the floating-point emulator:

Sample Code 1

C Compiler options needed: none

      x =  3.0
      z = -3. ** x
      i =  z
      if (i .ne. -27) then
        print *, 'Failed'
      else
        print *, 'OK'
      end if
      end

Sample Code 2

C Compiler options needed: none

      x =  3.0
      z = -3. ** x
      i =  nint(z)
      if (i .ne. -27) then
        print *, 'Failed'
      else
        print *, 'OK'
      end if
      end