OL97: Programming Examples for Referencing Items and Folders

• Microsoft Outlook 97

SUMMARY

The Microsoft Outlook 97 object model is commonly used to access various types of items in folders. This article provides an overview of the various methods, properties, and objects that can be used to refer to Outlook items and folders.

This article summarizes the following topics:

   Referencing Existing Folders
    - GetDefaultFolder Method
    - Folders Object
    - Parent Property
    - GetSharedDefaultFolder Method
    - GetFolderFromID Method

   Creating and Referencing New Folders
    - Folders.Add Method

   Creating and Referencing New Items
    - CreateItem Method
    - Items.Add Method
    - CreateItemFromTemplate Method

   Referencing Existing Items
    - Using Items(I) or For Each...Next
    - Using Items("This is the subject")
    - Find Method
    - Restrict Method

MORE INFORMATION

Microsoft provides programming examples for illustration only, without warranty either expressed or implied, including, but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability and/or fitness for a particular purpose. This article assumes that you are familiar with the programming language being demonstrated and the tools used to create and debug procedures. Microsoft support engineers can help explain the functionality of a particular procedure, but they will not modify these examples to provide added functionality or construct procedures to meet your specific needs. If you have limited programming experience, you may want to contact the Microsoft fee-based consulting line at (800) 936-5200. For more information about the support options available from Microsoft, please see the following page on the World Wide Web:

   http://www.microsoft.com/support/supportnet/refguide/default.asp

Referencing Existing Folders

GetDefaultFolder Method:

Default folders are those that are at the same level as the Inbox that receives incoming mail. If you have more than one Inbox in your profile, pressing CTRL+SHIFT+I always selects the default Inbox. The default folders are those that most users work with on a regular basis, such as the Calendar, Contacts, and Tasks folders. You can easily refer to these folders using the GetDefaultFolder method. GetDefaultFolder takes one argument, which is the type of folder you want to refer to. The following examples assign the object variable MyFolder to the default Contacts folder:

   ' Automation code example.
   Set ol = New Outlook.Application
   Set olns = ol.GetNameSpace("MAPI")
   Set MyFolder = olns.GetDefaultFolder(olFolderContacts)

   ' VBScript code example.
   Set olns = Item.Application.GetNameSpace("MAPI")
   Set MyFolder = olns.GetDefaultFolder(10)

You can use the Folders object to refer to any folder that is visible in the Outlook folder list. This object is typically used to refer to an Exchange public folder or any other folder that is not a default Outlook folder.

The following examples illustrate how to refer to a public folder called "My Public Folder." Note that you typically start at the top-most folder and work your way down to the folder you need to reference. Also note that the folder names are case-sensitive and must exactly match the names as they appear in the Outlook folder list.

   ' Automation code example.
   Set ol = New Outlook.Application
   Set olns = ol.GetNameSpace("MAPI")
   Set MyFolder1 = olns.Folders("Public Folders")
   Set MyFolder2 = MyFolder1.Folders("All Public Folders")
   Set MyFolder3 = MyFolder2.Folders("My Public Folder")

   ' VBScript code example.
   Set olns = Item.Application.GetNameSpace("MAPI")
   Set MyFolder1 = olns.Folders("Public Folders")
   Set MyFolder2 = MyFolder1.Folders("All Public Folders")
   Set MyFolder3 = MyFolder2.Folders("My Public Folder")

   ' Automation code example.
   Set ol = New Outlook.Application
   Set olns = ol.GetNameSpace("MAPI")
   Set MyTasksFolder = olns.GetDefaultFolder(olFolderTasks)
   Set MyFolder = MyTasksFolder.Folders("Business Tasks")

   ' VBScript code example.
   Set olns = Item.Application.GetNameSpace("MAPI")
   Set MyTasksFolder = olns.GetDefaultFolder(13)
   Set MyFolder = MyTasksFolder.Folders("Business Tasks")

If you already have a reference to an Outlook item or folder, then you can use its Parent property to create a reference to the folder the item or folder is located in.

The following examples return the name of a folder for a particular item:

   ' Automation code example.
   Set ol = New Outlook.Application
   Set MyItem = ol.CreateItem(olMailItem) ' Create new item.
   MyItem.Save                            ' Save it to Inbox.
   Set MyFolder = MyItem.Parent           ' MyFolder = Inbox.

   ' VBScript code example.
   ' Returns the folder of the current item.
   Set MyFolder = Item.Parent

You can use this method if someone has given you delegate permissions to one of their default folders. In addition, you must have already connected to the folder in Outlook by clicking the File menu, clicking Open Special Folder, and then clicking Exchange Server Folder.

For more information about accessing the folders of other people, please see the following article in the Microsoft Knowledge Base:

   ARTICLE-ID: Q160302
   TITLE     : OL97: How to Open Someone Else's Calendar or Other Folder

   ' Automation code example.
   Set ol = New Outlook.Application
   Set olns = ol.GetNameSpace("MAPI")
   Set myRecipient = olns.CreateRecipient("John Smith")
   myRecipient.Resolve
   If myRecipient.Resolved Then
      Set JohnFolder = olns.GetSharedDefaultFolder _
         (myRecipient, olFolderContacts)
   End If

   ' VBScript code example.
   Set olns = Item.Application.GetNameSpace("MAPI")
   Set myRecipient = olns.CreateRecipient("John Smith")
   myRecipient.Resolve
   If myRecipient.Resolved Then
      Set JohnFolder = olns.GetSharedDefaultFolder _
         (myRecipient, 10)
   End If

This method would typically be used only in more complex solutions where a solution keeps track of both the StoreID and EntryID of a folder so that it can be quickly referenced at a later time.

For more information about using the GetFolderFromID method, please see the following article in the Microsoft Knowledge Base:

   ARTICLE-ID: Q170991
   TITLE     : OL97: Programming with EntryIDs, StoreIDs and GetItemFromID

Creating and Referencing New Folders

Folders.Add Method:

Using the Add method on the Folders collection allows you to create a new folder. The first argument specifies the name of the folder and the second argument specifies the type of folder. The following example adds a Business Tasks folder under your default tasks folder. Because the folder type is not specified, it will inherit the type of the parent folder.

   ' Automation code example.
   Set ol = New Outlook.Application
   Set olns = ol.GetNameSpace("MAPI")
   Set MyTasksFolder = olns.GetDefaultFolder(olFolderTasks)
   Set MyNewFolder = MyTasksFolder.Folders.Add("Business Tasks")

   ' VBScript code example.
   Set olns = Item.Application.GetNameSpace("MAPI")
   Set MyTasksFolder = olns.GetDefaultFolder(13)
   Set MyNewFolder = MyTasksFolder.Folders.Add("Business Tasks")

Creating and Referencing New Items

CreateItem Method:

The CreateItem method creates a new default Outlook item. If you need to create an item based on a custom form you have created, use the Items.Add method below. The CreateItem method is conveniently located off of the top- level application object in the Outlook object model. The method takes only one argument, a constant indicating the type of item to create.

   ' Automation code example.
   Set ol = New Outlook.Application
   Set MyTaskItem = ol.CreateItem(olTaskItem)
   MyTaskItem.Display

   ' VBScript code example.
   Set MyTasktem = Item.Application.CreateItem(13)
   MyTaskItem.Display

Using the Add method on the Items collection allows you to create a new item based on any message class, whether it is a default Outlook message class such as IPM.Contact, or a message class for a custom form, such as IPM.Contact.MyForm. In order to use the Items.Add method, you must first reference the folder where you want to create a new item.

For more information about message classes, please see the following articles in the Microsoft Knowledge Base:

   ARTICLE-ID: Q176567
   TITLE     : OL97: Working with Form Definitions and
               One-Off Forms

   ARTICLE-ID: Q170301
   TITLE     : OL97: How to Update Existing Items to Use a New
               Custom Form

   ' Automation code example.
   Set ol = New Outlook.Application
   Set olns = ol.GetNameSpace("MAPI")
   Set myFolder = olns.GetDefaultFolder(olFolderContacts)
   Set MyItem = MyFolder.Items.Add("IPM.Contact.MyForm")
   MyItem.Display

   ' VBScript code example.
   Set olns = Item.Application.GetNameSpace("MAPI")
   Set myFolder = olns.GetDefaultFolder(10)
   Set MyItem = MyFolder.Items.Add("IPM.Contact.MyForm")
   MyItem.Display

   ' Automation code example.
   Set ol = New Outlook.Application
   Set olns = ol.GetNameSpace("MAPI")
   Set myFolder = olns.GetDefaultFolder(olFolderContacts)
   Set MyItem = MyFolder.Items.Add
   MyItem.Display

   ' VBScript code example.
   Set olns = Item.Application.GetNameSpace("MAPI")
   Set myFolder = olns.GetDefaultFolder(10)
   Set MyItem = MyFolder.Items.Add
   MyItem.Display

CreateItemFromTemplate Method:

Use the CreateItemFromTemplate method to create a new item based on an Outlook template file (.oft) or .msg file format. Because most forms are published in a folder or forms library, this method is not commonly used. Probably the most common reason to use this method would be if you were creating a Microsoft Visual Basic Setup program to install forms for an Outlook solution. This would typically be done for users who do not have network access or typically work off-line in Outlook. The Visual Basic program would do the following:

• Automate Outlook.
• Use CreateItemFromTemplate to open a form from a network share or floppy disk.
• Using the Outlook object model, publish the form for later use.

     ' Automation code example.
     Set ol = New Outlook.Application
     Set olns = ol.GetNameSpace("MAPI")
     ' Set MyFolder to the default contacts folder.
     Set MyFolder = olns.GetDefaultFolder(olFolderContacts)
     ' Set MyItem to an .oft file on a floppy disk.
     Set MyItem = ol.CreateItemFromTemplate("A:\Contact.oft")
     ' Set MyForm to the item Form Description for publishing.
     Set MyForm = MyItem.FormDescription
     ' Name the form, which also sets its message class.
     MyForm.Name = "My Contact"
     ' Publish the folder to the Contacts folder.
     MyForm.PublishForm olFolderRegistry, MyFolder
     ' Close and do not save changes to the item.
     MyItem.Close olDiscard
  
  

Referencing Existing Items

Using Items(I) or For Each...Next:

Typically these approaches are used to loop through all of the items in a folder. The Items collection contains all of the items in a particular folder, and you can specify which item to reference by using an index with the Items collection. This is typically used with the For I = 1 to n programming construct.

If you are using VBScript version 2.0 or later, you can instead use the For Each...Next programming construct to loop through the items in the collection without specifying an index. Both approaches achieve the same result.

The following examples use the Items(I) approach to loop through all of the contacts in the Contacts folder and display their FullName field in a dialog box.

   ' Automation code example.
   Set ol = New Outlook.Application
   Set olns = ol.GetNameSpace("MAPI")
   ' Set MyFolder to the default contacts folder.
   Set MyFolder = olns.GetDefaultFolder(olFolderContacts)
   ' Get the number of items in the folder.
   NumItems = MyFolder.Items.Count
   ' Set MyItem to the collection of items in the folder.
   Set MyItems = MyFolder.Items
   ' Loop through all of the items in the folder.
   For I = 1 to NumItems
      MsgBox MyItems(I).FullName
   Next

   ' VBScript code example.
   Set olns = Item.Application.GetNameSpace("MAPI")
   ' Set MyFolder to the default contacts folder.
   Set MyFolder = olns.GetDefaultFolder(10)
   ' Get the number of items in the folder.
   NumItems = MyFolder.Items.Count
   ' Set MyItem to the collection of items in the folder.
   Set MyItems = MyFolder.Items
   ' Loop through all of the items in the folder.
   For I = 1 to NumItems
      MsgBox MyItems(I).FullName
   Next

   ' Automation code example.
   Set ol = New Outlook.Application
   Set olns = ol.GetNameSpace("MAPI")
   ' Set MyFolder to the default contacts folder.
   Set MyFolder = olns.GetDefaultFolder(olFolderContacts)
   ' Set MyItems to the collection of items in the folder.
   Set MyItems = MyFolder.Items
   For Each SpecificItem in MyItems
      MsgBox SpecificItem.FullName
   Next

   ' VBScript code example.
   Set olns = Item.Application.GetNameSpace("MAPI")
   ' Set MyFolder to the default contacts folder.
   Set MyFolder = olns.GetDefaultFolder(10)
   ' Set MyItem to the collection of items in the folder.
   Set MyItems = MyFolder.Items
   For Each SpecificItem in MyItems
      MsgBox SpecificItem.FullName
   Next

You can also use the Items collection and specify a text string that matches the Subject field of an item. This approach is not commonly used.

The following examples display an item in the Inbox whose subject contains "Please help on Friday!"

   ' Automation code example.
   Set ol = New Outlook.Application
   Set olns = ol.GetNameSpace("MAPI")
   ' Set MyFolder to the default Inbox.
   Set MyFolder = olns.GetDefaultFolder(olFolderInbox)
   Set MyItem = MyFolder.Items("Please help on Friday!")
   MyItem.Display

   ' VBScript code example.
   Set olns = Item.Application.GetNameSpace("MAPI")
   ' Set MyFolder to the default Inbox.
   Set MyFolder = olns.GetDefaultFolder(6)
   Set MyItem = MyFolder.Items("Please help on Friday!")
   MyItem.Display

Use the Find method to search for an item in a folder based on the value of one of its fields. If the Find is successful, you can then use the FindNext method to check for additional items that meet the same search criteria.

The following examples search to see if you have any high priority appointments.

   ' Automation code example.
   Set ol = New Outlook.Application
   Set olns = ol.GetNamespace("MAPI")
   Set myFolder = olns.GetDefaultFolder(olFolderTasks)
   Set MyTasks = myFolder.Items
   ' Importance corresponds to Priority on the task form.
   Set MyTask = MyTasks.Find("[Importance] = ""High""")
   If MyTask Is Nothing Then ' the Find failed
      MsgBox "Nothing important. Go party!"
   Else
      MsgBox "You have something important to do!"
   End If

   ' VBScript code example.
   Set olns = Item.Application.GetNamespace("MAPI")
   Set myFolder = olns.GetDefaultFolder(13)
   Set MyTasks = myFolder.Items
   ' Importance corresponds to Priority on the task form.
   Set MyTask = MyTasks.Find("[Importance] = ""High""")
   If MyTask Is Nothing Then ' the Find failed
      MsgBox "Nothing important. Go party!"
   Else
      MsgBox "You have something important to do!"
   End If

The Restrict method is similar to the Find method, but instead of returning a single item, it returns a collection of items that meet the search criteria. For example, you might use this method to find all contacts who work at the same company.

The following examples display all of the contacts who work at ACME Software:

   ' Automation code example.
   Set ol = New Outlook.Application
   Set olns = ol.GetNameSpace("MAPI")
   Set MyFolder = olns.GetDefaultFolder(olFolderContacts)
   Set MyItems = MyFolder.Items
   MyClause = "[CompanyName] = ""ACME Software"""
   Set MyACMEItems = MyItems.Restrict(MyClause)
   For Each MyItem in MyACMEItems
      MyItem.Display
   Next

   ' VBScript code example.
   ' Requires VBScript version 2.0 or later.
   Set olns = Item.Application.GetNameSpace("MAPI")
   Set MyFolder = olns.GetDefaultFolder(10)
   Set MyItems = MyFolder.Items
   MyClause = "[CompanyName] = ""ACME Software"""
   Set MyACMEItems = MyItems.Restrict(MyClause)
   For Each MyItem in MyACMEItems
      MyItem.Display
   Next

   ARTICLE-ID: Q171115
   TITLE     : OL97: How to Use the Restrict Method

This method would typically be used only in more complex solutions where a solution keeps track of both the StoreID and EntryID of an item so that it can be quickly retrieved at a later time.

For more information about using the GetItemFromID method, please see the following article in the Microsoft Knowledge Base:

   ARTICLE-ID: Q170991
   TITLE     : OL97: Programming with EntryIDs, StoreIDs and
               GetItemFromID

REFERENCES

For more information about creating solutions with Microsoft Outlook 97, please see the following articles in the Microsoft Knowledge Base:

   Article-ID: Q166368
   Title     : OL97: How to Get Help Programming with Outlook

   Article-ID: Q170783
   Title     : OL97: Q&A: Questions about Customizing or
               Programming Outlook