Limitations on Writing Device Drivers in C

Last reviewed: July 17, 1997
Article ID: Q10826
6.00 6.00a 6.00ax 7.00 | 1.00 1.50
MS-DOS                 | WINDOWS
kbprg

The information in this article applies to:

  • Microsoft C for MS-DOS, versions 6.0, 6.0a, and 6.0ax
  • Microsoft C/C++ for MS-DOS, version 7.0
  • Microsoft Visual C++ for Windows, versions 1.0 and 1.5

You cannot develop a complete device driver only in C or C++. You must write some assembly code and you cannot use the majority of functions in the C run-time library.

The three major problems that occur when you develop a device driver in C are as follows:

  • The .EXE file loader is in COMMAND.COM which is not available when MS-DOS loads a device driver. Therefore, a device driver must be the binary image of a single-segment program. Microsoft C/C++ version 7.0 introduced the ability to generate code in the tiny memory model in which the application stores its code and data in one memory segment.
  • The C run-time initialization code requires an appropriate PSP (program segment prefix) and requires MS-DOS to be available. Even though the source code to the startup code is provided with the C compiler, most of the startup code is in assembler and would require major modifications to be useful in a driver.
  • The entry-exit sequences used by C functions are inappropriate for use in an MS-DOS driver.

You can work around some of these limitations by using the C compiler to generate assembly code. The -Fa switch directs the compiler to produce an assembly code listing that you can edit and use as part of the driver source code. Depending on the complexity of the MS-DOS device driver, you could write most of the driver in C and modify and maintain the code relatively easily.


Additional reference words: kbinf 6.00 6.00a 6.00ax 7.00 1.00 1.50
KBCategory: kbprg
KBSubcategory: CLngIss
Keywords : kb16bitonly


THE INFORMATION PROVIDED IN THE MICROSOFT KNOWLEDGE BASE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND. MICROSOFT DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. IN NO EVENT SHALL MICROSOFT CORPORATION OR ITS SUPPLIERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER INCLUDING DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, CONSEQUENTIAL, LOSS OF BUSINESS PROFITS OR SPECIAL DAMAGES, EVEN IF MICROSOFT CORPORATION OR ITS SUPPLIERS HAVE BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. SOME STATES DO NOT ALLOW THE EXCLUSION OR LIMITATION OF LIABILITY FOR CONSEQUENTIAL OR INCIDENTAL DAMAGES SO THE FOREGOING LIMITATION MAY NOT APPLY.

Last reviewed: July 17, 1997
© 1998 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Terms of Use.