PRB: C1853 Error Generated by Mixing C and C++ Files

• The Microsoft C/C++ Compiler (CL.EXE) included with: - Microsoft Visual C++, 32-bit Edition, version 2.0, 2.1, 4.0, 5.0

SYMPTOMS

When you build Visual C++ projects that include both C and C++ files and that use precompiled headers, you may receive the following error message:

   fatal error C1853: '<filename>' is not a precompiled header file
   created with this compiler

CAUSE

The compiler attempts to use a precompiled header generated by a C++ compiler on a C source file. This can happen when "Per-File Use of Precompiled Headers" is used with both C and C++ source code in a project.

It is not valid to use a C++ compiler created precompiled header with a source file that is to be compiled by the C compiler. Nor is it valid to use a C compiler created precompiled header with a source file that is to be compiled by the C++ compiler.

The Visual C++ version 2.x error message help for C1853 may be misleading. It implies that the problem occurs only when mixing .PCH files generated with the 16-bit and 32-bit compilers. Frequently, however, this can occur when building a project after adding a C source file to a pure C++ project that uses the "Per-File Use of Precompiled Headers." (The Visual C++ version 4.0 online help correctly incorporates this information by stating that fatal error C1853 "can be caused by using a precompiled C++ file with C code.")

RESOLUTION

This problem can be resolved in several ways depending on the situation:

Resolution I

For projects with a single C source file and multiple C++ source files (or vice-versa), use the following steps to disable precompiled headers for the single source file:

1. For the current target, open the Project Settings dialog box and select the Precompiled Headers section under the C/C++ Tab.

2. Select the C file from the project tree in the left pane.

3. For Visual C++ version 2.x, disable the Use .PCH File checkbox in the Per-File Use of Precompiled Headers. For Visual C++ version 4.0, select the Not using precompiled headers option button.

4. Save the new settings and build the project.

Resolution II

For projects with multiple C and C++ source files, use the following steps to disable precompiled headers for a set of source files procedure:

  With Visual C++ version 2.x:

  1. For the current target, create a New Group by choosing New Group from
     the Project menu item.

  2. Move the C source files into the new group.

  3. Open the Project Settings and select the Precompiled Headers section
     under the C/C++ tab dialog.

  4. Select the new group from the project tree in the left pane.

  5. Disable the Use .PCH File checkbox in the Per-File Use of Precompiled
     Headers.

  6. Save the new settings and build the project.

  This will disable precompiled headers for a set of source files. However,
  source files in subsequent additions to this group may need the PCH usage
  disabled depending on the file's previous settings.

  With Visual C++ version 4.0, groups are no longer supported. To disable
  the use of precompiled headers for a group of source files, follow the
  the steps of Resolution I, but in step 2 hold down the CRTL key while
  selecting each file.

Resolution III

For projects not requiring precompiled headers, follow the steps of Resolution I, but in step 2 select all targets from the project tree in the left pane.

Resolution IV (VC 4.x and 5.0)

1. Create a subproject of type "Static Library".

2. Insert the .C files into this subproject.

3. Delete the .C files from the top-level project.

4. Add the resulting library or .obj files to the link line for the top-level project.

STATUS

This behavior is by design.

MORE INFORMATION

Visual C++ version 2.0 allows only one precompiled header file per target in a project. This file is named PROJNAME.PCH by default where PROJNAME is the name of the project. This can be changed in the Project Options edit control of the target settings using the /Fp option (for example, "/Fp MYNAME.PCH").

This precompiled header (.PCH) file can be generated using either the Automatic or Per-File Use system as shown in the Precompiled Headers section of the C/C++ tab dialog project settings.

The Automatic PCH option (/YX option) generates a .PCH file when the current .PCH file is invalid or when the header file is updated. Invalid .PCH files include those generated by another compiler (C or C++) or those that contain a different set of header files from the set found in the source. This option optimally saves compilation time if all source files that use this option contain an identical set of header files and are of one type (C or C++), or if only one file in the project is usually built.

The efficiency of this option can depend on compilation order. Interleaving C and C++ source files in the compilation order always regenerates a new .PCH file. Building a project after updating a C file when the last build resulted in a C++ .PCH file, regenerates the .PCH file.

The Per-File Use PCH option generates a .PCH file whenever a source file with the 'Create .PCH File' (/Yc option) checkbox enabled is compiled. The generated .PCH file is used with all source files that have the 'Use .PCH File' (/Yu option) checkbox enabled. The compiler doesn't regenerate a new .PCH file if the generated one is invalid; instead, it gives one of the following two messages:

• If the PCH was generated by the C++ compiler:

  fatal error C1853: '<filename>' is not a precompiled header file created with this compiler

• If the PCH was generated by a source code containing a different set of includes:

  fatal error C1852: '<filename>' is not a valid precompiled header file

Previous versions of Visual C++ (1.51, 1.50, and 1.1) allowed a separate precompiled header file for C and C++ source files. Because Visual C++ version 2.0 is limited to only one PCH, it is not possible to use different precompiled header files for C and C++ files. Porting such a project over will result in the following message when attempting to build the project:

   The source files "file1.c" and "file2.cpp" are both configured to
   produce the output file "proj.pch". The project cannot be built.

REFERENCES

For more information on precompiled headers, please search on "Precompiled Headers" in Books Online.