FIX: C2373 on getwchar/putwchar When Using UNICODE & __stdcall

• The C Run Time (CRT) included with: - Microsoft Visual C++, 32-bit Edition, version 4.2

SYMPTOMS

When you build a project, the Visual C++ 4.2 compiler generates the following errors:

   C:\MSDEV\INCLUDE\wchar.h(590): error C2373: 'getwchar': redefinition:
                                  different type modifiers
   C:\MSDEV\INCLUDE\wchar.h(592): error C2373: 'putwchar': redefinition:
                                  different type modifiers

1. Directly or indirectly includes the header file wchar.h.

The errors can also be generated for any AppWizard-generated MFC applications that define the _UNICODE preprocessor and use the __stdcall or __fastcall calling convention. To reproduce this problem, please see the More Information section below.

CAUSE

In Wchar.h, functions getwchar and putwchar are prototyped as follows on line 467 and line 469:

   _CRTIMP wint_t __cdecl getwchar(void);
   _CRTIMP wint_t __cdecl putwchar(wint_t);

   inline wint_t getwchar() { ... }
   inline wint_t putwchar() { ... }

RESOLUTION

If enabling _UNICODE is necessary to your application, work around this problem by doing the following:

Use the __cdecl calling convention instead of the __stdcall or the __fastcall calling convention.

Notice that the linker may generate error LNK2001 on the unresolved external symbol "_WinMain@16" when you build an MFC application with UNICODE support. This is because MFC UNICODE applications use wWinMain as the entry point. To solve this problem, in the Output category of the Link field in the Project Settings dialog box, set the Entry Point Symbol to wWinMainCRTStartup.

For additional information on the LNK2001 link error, please see the following article in the Microsoft Knowledge Base:

   ARTICLE-ID: Q125750
   TITLE     : PRB:Error LNK2001: '_WinMain@16': Unresolved External Symbol

-or-

   inline wint_t getwchar() { ... }
   inline wint_t putwchar() { ... }

   inline wint_t __cdel getwchar() { ... }
   inline wint_t __cdel putwchar() { ... }

STATUS

Microsoft has confirmed this to be a bug in the Microsoft products listed at the beginning of this article. This bug was corrected in Visual C++ version 5.0.

MORE INFORMATION

Use the following steps to reproduce this problem:

1. Generate an MFC application using the AppWizard and accept all the defaults.

2. Modify the build settings as follows: a. Add the _UNICODE preprocessor definition under C/C++/General. b. Delete the _MBCS preprocessor definition under C/C++/General. c. Choose the __stdcall or __fastcall calling convention under

         C/C++/Code Generation.
   

   d. Build the application.

Keywords          : CLIss CRTIss vcbuglist420 vcfixlist500
Technology        : kbMfc
Version           : 4.2
Platform          : NT WINDOWS
Issue type        : kbbug
Solution Type     : kbfix