STL Sample for the list::back, list::front Functions

• The Standard C++ Library included with: - Microsoft Visual C++, 32-bit Edition, version 4.2

SUMMARY

The sample code below illustrates how to use the list::back, list::front, list::pop_back, list::pop_front, list::push_back, and list::push_front STL functions in Visual C++.

MORE INFORMATION

Required Header

   <list>

Prototype

   reference back();
   const_reference back() const;
   reference front();
   const_reference front() const;
   void pop_back();
   void pop_front();
   void push_back(const T& x);
   void push_front(const T& x);

Description

The member function back returns a reference to the last element of the controlled sequence. The member function front returns a reference to the first element of the controlled sequence. The member function pop_back removes the last element of the controlled sequence. The member function pop_front removes the first element of the controlled sequence. All the above functions require that the controlled sequence be non-empty.

The member function push_back inserts an element with value x at the end of the controlled sequence. The member function push_front inserts an element with value x at the beginning of the controlled sequence.

Sample Code

//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//
// Compile options needed: -GX
//
// liststck.cpp :  This example shows how to use the various stack
//                 like functions of list.
//
// Functions:
//
//    list::back
//    list::front
//    list::pop_back
//    list::pop_front
//    list::push_back
//    list::push_front
//
// Written by Andrew Bradnan
// Copyright (c) 1996 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

#include <list>
#include <string>
#include <iostream>

void main()

    LISTSTR test;

    test.push_back("back");
    test.push_front("middle");
    test.push_front("front");

    // front
    cout << test.front() << endl;

    // back
    cout << test.back() << endl;

    test.pop_front();
    test.pop_back();

    // middle
    cout << test.front() << endl;

The Program Output is:

front back middle

REFERENCES

Visual C++ Books On Line: Visual C++ Books:C/C++:Standard C++ Library Reference.