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The information in this article applies to:
- Microsoft Visual C++, 32-bit Editions, versions 4.0, 5.0
- Microsoft Excel 97 for Windows
SUMMARY
An XLL is an add-in for Microsoft Excel that you can build with any
compiler that supports building DLLs (dynamic link libraries). This article
is designed to get you started building XLLs with Microsoft Visual C++. To
follow the steps outlined in this article, you should have some experience
building DLLs and you should have the Microsoft Excel 97 Developer's Kit,
which contains the necessary header and library files to build an XLL.
MORE INFORMATION
Steps to Create an XLL
- Create a new MFC AppWizard (.dll) project called Anewxll.
- Copy the Xlcall.h, Framewrk.h, Framewrk.c, and Xlcall32.lib from the
Microsoft Excel 97 Developer's Kit to your project directory.
- Rename Framewrk.c to Framewrk.cpp.
- Add Framewrk.cpp to your project source files.
- Add the following #include line to the top of Framewrk.cpp to avoid
compiler errors about pre-compiled headers:
#include "stdafx.h"
- Change the following line in Framewrk.cpp:
#include "..\..\include\xlcall.h"
to:
#include "xlcall.h"
- Click Settings on the Project menu. Click the Link tab and add
Xlcall32.lib to the Object/library modules edit box.
- Add the following #include statements to the top of Anewxll.cpp:
#include "xlcall.h"
#include "framewrk.h"
NOTE: The project is now setup appropriately and should compile,
however, you have not added XLL support yet. The remaining steps give
some sample code you can add to the XLL to get you started.
- Append the following code to Anewxll.cpp:
Sample Code
-----------
//================================================================
// Commonly used global variables
int err;
char buf[8192];
char txt[8192];
// Function registering table
int nFuncs;
// proc, type_text, function_text, arg, macro_type, category,
// shortcut_text, help_topic, function_help
static LPSTR func[][9] = {
{" MyFunc", " JJJ", " MyFunc", " ", " 1", " MyCat", " ", " ", " "},
{" MyMotd", " I", " MyMotd", " ", " 1", " MyCat", " ", " ", " "},
{0,0,0,0, 0, 0, 0}
};
// Menu table
int nMenuItems;
static LPSTR menu[][5] = {
{" &MyMenu", " ", " ", " Joe's Xll menu!!!", " "},
{" M.O.T.D."," MyMotd", " ", " Message of the Day!", " "},
{0, 0, 0, 0, 0}
};
// Initialization routine
BOOL __stdcall xlAutoOpen(void) {
AFX_MANAGE_STATE(AfxGetStaticModuleState( ));
// DEBUG output to indicate when called
AfxMessageBox("xlAutoOpen() called!", MB_SETFOREGROUND);
int i, j;
// Get XLL file name
static XLOPER xDll;
Excel(xlGetName, &xDll, 0);
// Prefix strengths with their length & count items
// Note the framework's TempStr() function prefixes the
// lengths anyway, but this is for other code that might
// use the arrays
for(nFuncs=0; func[nFuncs][0]; nFuncs++) {
for(i=0; i<9; i++) {
func[nFuncs][i][0] = (BYTE) strlen(func[nFuncs][i]+1);
}
}
for(nMenuItems=0; menu[nMenuItems][0]; nMenuItems++) {
for(i=0; i<5; i++) {
menu[nMenuItems][i][0] = (BYTE) strlen(menu[nMenuItems][i]+1);
}
}
// Loop through the function list, and register the functions
for(i=0; i<nFuncs; i++) {
// Register a function
err = Excel(xlfRegister, 0, 9, (LPXLOPER)&xDll,
(LPXLOPER)TempStr(func[i][0]),
(LPXLOPER)TempStr(func[i][1]),
(LPXLOPER)TempStr(func[i][2]),
(LPXLOPER)TempStr(func[i][3]),
(LPXLOPER)TempStr(func[i][4]),
(LPXLOPER)TempStr(func[i][5]),
(LPXLOPER)TempStr(func[i][6]),
(LPXLOPER)TempStr(func[i][7]),
(LPXLOPER)TempStr(func[i][8])
);
if(err != xlretSuccess) {
sprintf(buf, "xlfRegister for function %d, err = %d", i, err);
AfxMessageBox(buf, MB_SETFOREGROUND);
}
}
// Free XLL file name from the xlGetName call made earlier
Excel(xlFree, 0, 1, (LPXLOPER)&xDll);
// Menu support section
static XLOPER xMenu;
static XLOPER xMenuList[10*5];
ASSERT(nMenuItems < 10);
// Build menu
xMenu.xltype = xltypeMulti;
xMenu.val.array.lparray = &xMenuList[0];
xMenu.val.array.rows = nMenuItems;
xMenu.val.array.columns = 5;
for(i=0; i<nMenuItems; i++) {
for(j=0; j<5; j++) {
xMenuList[j+i*5].xltype = xltypeStr;
xMenuList[j+i*5].val.str = menu[i][j];
}
}
// Add menu
Excel(xlfAddMenu,0,3,TempNum(1),(LPXLOPER)&xMenu,TempStr(" Help"));
// Finished
return 1;
}
// Cleanup routine
BOOL __stdcall xlAutoClose(void) {
::MessageBox(NULL, "xlAutoClose()", "Debug", MB_SETFOREGROUND );
// Delete menu
Excel(xlfDeleteMenu, 0, 2, TempNum(1), TempStr(" MyMenu"));
return 1;
}
// Support for descriptive information about the add-in(s)
// You can add a new customized title for the user, but
// unfortunately, only an add-in written in Microsoft Visual Basic
// can add a description string.
LPXLOPER _stdcall xlAddInManagerInfo(LPXLOPER xAction) {
static XLOPER xInfo, xIntAction;
// Find out what action must be taken
Excel(xlCoerce, &xIntAction, 2, xAction, TempInt(xltypeInt));
// DEBUG output to indicate when called
sprintf(buf, "xlAddInManagerInfo(%ld)", (long)xIntAction.val.w);
::MessageBox(NULL, "xlAddInManagerInfo()", "Debug",
MB_SETFOREGROUND );
// Set title if asked
if(xIntAction.val.w == 1) {
xInfo.xltype = xltypeStr;
xInfo.val.str = " My Add-in!!!!";
xInfo.val.str[0] = (char)strlen(&xInfo.val.str[1]);
}
else {
xInfo.xltype = xltypeErr;
xInfo.val.err = xlerrValue;
}
return (LPXLOPER)&xInfo;
}
short MyMotd(void) {
char *name[] = {
"Rebekah",
"Brent",
"John",
"Joseph",
"Robert",
"Sara",
0
};
char *quote[] = {
"An apple a day, keeps the doctor away!",
"Carpe Diem: Seize the Day!",
"What you dare to dream, dare to do!",
"I think, therefore I am.",
"A place for everything, and everything in its place.",
"Home is where the heart is.",
0
};
int nNames, nQuotes;
for(nNames=0; name[nNames]; nNames++);
for(nQuotes=0; quote[nQuotes]; nQuotes++);
sprintf(buf, "%s says '%s'", name[rand()%nNames],
quote[rand()%nQuotes]);
::MessageBox(NULL, buf, "XLL MOTD", MB_SETFOREGROUND );
return 0;
}
// Example function that returns the product of its two parameters
long MyFunc(long parm1, long parm2) {
sprintf(buf, "You sent %ld and %ld to MyFunc()!", parm1, parm2);
::MessageBox(NULL, buf, "MyFunc() in Anewxll!!!", MB_SETFOREGROUND);
return parm1 * parm2;
}
//=================================================================
- Add the following lines to the end of your Anewxll.def file
xlAutoOpen
xlAutoClose
xlAddInManagerInfo
MyMotd
MyFunc
- You can now compile your project to produce a DLL called Anewxll.dll.
Once the DLL is compiled, rename it to Anewxll.xll.
Using the Add-in with Microsoft Excel 97
- Start a new workbook in Microsoft Excel 97.
- Click Add-ins on the Tools menu. Browse to add Anewxll.xll and click OK.
Notice that when you click OK in the Add-ins dialog, the xlAutoOpen
function runs.
- Click M.O.T.D on the MyMenu menu.
When your menu item is clicked, the MyMotd function runs to display a
MessageBox with a quote such as "Rebekah says 'An Apple a day, keeps
the doctor away!'".
- In a cell, add the following formula:
=MYFUNC(2,6)
MYFUNC returns 12, the product of 2 and 6.
- Click Add-ins on the Tools menu. Clear the add-in check box and click
OK.
Notice that when you click OK in the Add-ins dialog box, the xlAutoClose
function runs.
REFERENCES
For more information regarding XLLs, please see:
Microsoft Excel 97 Developer's Kit (ISBN: 1-57231-498-2)
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