Font-File FormatLast reviewed: February 15, 1996Article ID: Q65123 |
The information in this article applies to:
SUMMARYThis article is part of a set of seven articles, collectively called the "Windows Developer's Notes." More information about the contents of the other articles can be found in the Microsoft Knowledge Base article:
ARTICLE-ID: Q65260 TITLE : The Windows Developer's NotesDownload FONTFMT.EXE, a self-extracting file, from the Microsoft Software Library (MSL) on the following services:
MORE INFORMATIONFormats for Microsoft Windows font files are defined for both raster and vector fonts. These formats can be used by smart text generators in some GDI support modules. The vector formats, in particular, are more frequently used by GDI itself than by support modules. Both raster and vector font files begin with information that is common to both, and then continue with information that differs for each type of file. For Windows 3.0, the font-file header includes six new fields: dFlags, dfAspace, dfBspace, dfCspace, dfColorPointer, and dfReserved1. These fields are not used in Windows 3.0. To ensure compatibility with future versions of Windows, these fields should be set to zero. All device drivers support the Windows 2.x fonts. However, not all device drivers support the Windows 3.0 version. Windows 3.0 font files include the glyph table in dfCharTable, which consists of structures that describe the bits for characters in the font file. This version enables fonts to exceed 64K in size, the size limit of Windows 2.x fonts. This is made possible by the use of 32-bit offsets to the character glyphs in dfCharTable. Because of the 32-bit offsets and their potentially large size, these fonts are designed for use on systems that are running Windows version 3.0 in protected (standard or 386 enhanced) mode with an 80386 (or higher) processor where the processor's 32-bit registers can access the character glyphs. Typically, device drivers use the Windows 3.0 version of a font only when both of these conditions are true. Font files are stored with an .FNT extension of the form NAME.FNT. The information at the beginning of both raster and vector versions of Windows 3.0 font files is shown in the following list:
Field Description
----- -----------
dfVersion 2 bytes specifying the version (0200H or 0300H) of
the file.
dfSize 4 bytes specifying the total size of the file in
bytes.
dfCopyright 60 bytes specifying copyright information.
dfType 2 bytes specifying the type of font file.
The low-order byte is exclusively for GDI use. If the
low-order bit of the WORD is zero, it is a bitmap
(raster) font file. If the low-order bit is 1, it is a
vector font file. The second bit is reserved and must
be zero. If no bits follow in the file and the bits are
located in memory at a fixed address specified in
dfBitsOffset, the third bit is set to 1; otherwise, the
bit is set to 0 (zero). The high-order bit of the low
byte is set if the font was realized by a device. The
remaining bits in the low byte are reserved and set to
zero.
The high byte is reserved for device use and will
always be set to zero for GDI-realized standard fonts.
Physical fonts with the high-order bit of the low byte
set may use this byte to describe themselves. GDI will
never inspect the high byte.
dfPoints 2 bytes specifying the nominal point size at which
this character set looks best.
dfVertRes 2 bytes specifying the nominal vertical resolution
(dots-per-inch) at which this character set was
digitized.
dfHorizRes 2 bytes specifying the nominal horizontal resolution
(dots-per-inch) at which this character set was
digitized.
dfAscent 2 bytes specifying the distance from the top of a
character definition cell to the baseline of the
typographical font. It is useful for aligning the
baselines of fonts of different heights.
dfInternalLeading
Specifies the amount of leading inside the bounds set
by dfPixHeight. Accent marks may occur in this area.
This may be zero at the designer's option.
dfExternalLeading
Specifies the amount of extra leading that the designer
requests the application add between rows. Since this
area is outside of the font proper, it contains no
marks and will not be altered by text output calls in
either the OPAQUE or TRANSPARENT mode. This may be zero
at the designer's option.
dfItalic 1 (one) byte specifying whether or not the character
definition data represent an italic font. The low-order
bit is 1 if the flag is set. All the other bits are
zero.
dfUnderline 1 byte specifying whether or not the character
definition data represent an underlined font. The
low-order bit is 1 if the flag is set. All the other
bits are 0 (zero).
dfStrikeOut 1 byte specifying whether or not the character
definition data represent a struckout font. The low-
order bit is 1 if the flag is set. All the other bits
are zero.
dfWeight 2 bytes specifying the weight of the characters in the
character definition data, on a scale of 1 to 1000. A
dfWeight of 400 specifies a regular weight.
dfCharSet 1 byte specifying the character set defined by this
font.
dfPixWidth 2 bytes. For vector fonts, specifies the width of the
grid on which the font was digitized. For raster fonts,
if dfPixWidth is nonzero, it represents the width for
all the characters in the bitmap; if it is zero, the
font has variable width characters whose widths are
specified in the dfCharTable array.
dfPixHeight 2 bytes specifying the height of the character bitmap
(raster fonts), or the height of the grid on which a
vector font was digitized.
dfPitchAndFamily
Specifies the pitch and font family. The low bit is set
if the font is variable pitch. The high four bits give
the family name of the font. Font families describe in
a general way the look of a font. They are intended for
specifying fonts when the exact face name desired is
not available. The families are as follows:
Family Description
------ -----------
FF_DONTCARE (0<<4) Don't care or don't know.
FF_ROMAN (1<<4) Proportionally spaced fonts
with serifs.
FF_SWISS (2<<4) Proportionally spaced fonts
without serifs.
FF_MODERN (3<<4) Fixed-pitch fonts.
FF_SCRIPT (4<<4)
FF_DECORATIVE (5<<4)
dfAvgWidth 2 bytes specifying the width of characters in the font.
For fixed-pitch fonts, this is the same as dfPixWidth.
For variable-pitch fonts, this is the width of the
character "X."
dfMaxWidth 2 bytes specifying the maximum pixel width of any
character in the font. For fixed-pitch fonts, this is
simply dfPixWidth.
dfFirstChar 1 byte specifying the first character code defined by
this font. Character definitions are stored only for
the characters actually present in a font. Therefore,
use this field when calculating indexes into either
dfBits or dfCharOffset.
dfLastChar 1 byte specifying the last character code defined by
this font. Note that all the characters with codes
between dfFirstChar and dfLastChar must be present in
the font character definitions.
dfDefaultChar 1 byte specifying the character to substitute
whenever a string contains a character out of the
range. The character is given relative to dfFirstChar
so that dfDefaultChar is the actual value of the
character, less dfFirstChar. The dfDefaultChar should
indicate a special character that is not a space.
dfBreakChar 1 byte specifying the character that will define word
breaks. This character defines word breaks for word
wrapping and word spacing justification. The character
is given relative to dfFirstChar so that dfBreakChar is
the actual value of the character, less that of
dfFirstChar. The dfBreakChar is normally (32 -
dfFirstChar), which is an ASCII space.
dfWidthBytes 2 bytes specifying the number of bytes in each row of
the bitmap. This is always even, so that the rows start
on WORD boundaries. For vector fonts, this field has no
meaning.
dfDevice 4 bytes specifying the offset in the file to the string
giving the device name. For a generic font, this value
is zero.
dfFace 4 bytes specifying the offset in the file to the
null-terminated string that names the face.
dfBitsPointer 4 bytes specifying the absolute machine address of
the bitmap. This is set by GDI at load time. The
dfBitsPointer is guaranteed to be even.
dfBitsOffset 4 bytes specifying the offset in the file to the
beginning of the bitmap information. If the 04H bit in
the dfType is set, then dfBitsOffset is an absolute
address of the bitmap (probably in ROM).
For raster fonts, dfBitsOffset points to a sequence of
bytes that make up the bitmap of the font, whose height
is the height of the font, and whose width is the sum
of the widths of the characters in the font rounded up
to the next WORD boundary.
For vector fonts, it points to a string of bytes or
words (depending on the size of the grid on which the
font was digitized) that specify the strokes for each
character of the font. The dfBitsOffset field must be
even.
dfReserved 1 byte, not used.
dfFlags 4 bytes specifying the bits flags, which are additional
flags that define the format of the Glyph bitmap, as
follows:
DFF_FIXED equ 0001h ; font is fixed pitch
DFF_PROPORTIONAL equ 0002h ; font is proportional
; pitch
DFF_ABCFIXED equ 0004h ; font is an ABC fixed
; font
DFF_ABCPROPORTIONAL equ 0008h ; font is an ABC pro-
; portional font
DFF_1COLOR equ 0010h ; font is one color
DFF_16COLOR equ 0020h ; font is 16 color
DFF_256COLOR equ 0040h ; font is 256 color
DFF_RGBCOLOR equ 0080h ; font is RGB color
dfAspace 2 bytes specifying the global A space, if any. The
dfAspace is the distance from the current position to
the left edge of the bitmap.
dfBspace 2 bytes specifying the global B space, if any. The
dfBspace is the width of the character.
dfCspace 2 bytes specifying the global C space, if any. The
dfCspace is the distance from the right edge of the
bitmap to the new current position. The increment of a
character is the sum of the three spaces. These apply
to all glyphs and is the case for DFF_ABCFIXED.
dfColorPointer
4 bytes specifying the offset to the color table for
color fonts, if any. The format of the bits is similar
to a DIB, but without the header. That is, the
characters are not split up into disjoint bytes.
Instead, they are left intact. If no color table is
needed, this entry is NULL.
[NOTE: This information is different from that in the
hard-copy Developer's Notes and reflects a correction.]
dfReserved1 16 bytes, not used.
[NOTE: This information is different from that in the
hard-copy Developer's Notes and reflects a correction.]
dfCharTable For raster fonts, the CharTable is an array of entries
each consisting of two 2-byte WORDs for Windows 2.x and
three 2-byte WORDs for Windows 3.0. The first WORD of
each entry is the character width. The second WORD of
each entry is the byte offset from the beginning of the
FONTINFO structure to the character bitmap. For Windows
3.0, the second and third WORDs are used for the
offset.
There is one extra entry at the end of this table that
describes an absolute-space character. This entry
corresponds to a character that is guaranteed to be
blank; this character is not part of the normal
character set.
The number of entries in the table is calculated as
((dfLastChar - dfFirstChar) + 2). This includes a
spare, the sentinel offset mentioned in the following
paragraph.
For fixed-pitch vector fonts, each 2-byte entry in this
array specifies the offset from the start of the bitmap
to the beginning of the string of stroke specification
units for the character. The number of bytes or WORDs
to be used for a particular character is calculated by
subtracting its entry from the next one, so that there
is a sentinel at the end of the array of values.
For proportionally spaced vector fonts, each 4-byte
entry is divided into two 2-byte fields. The first
field gives the starting offset from the start of the
bitmap of the character strokes. The second field gives
the pixel width of the character.
<facename> An ASCII character string specifying the name of the
font face. The size of this field is the length of the
string plus a NULL terminator.
<devicename> An ASCII character string specifying the name of the
device if this font file is for a specific device. The
size of this field is the length of the string plus a
NULL terminator.
<bitmaps> This field contains the character bitmap definitions.
Each character is stored as a contiguous set of bytes.
(In the old font format, this was not the case.)
The first byte contains the first 8 bits of the first
scanline (that is, the top line of the character). The
second byte contains the first 8 bits of the second
scanline. This continues until a first "column" is
completely defined.
The following byte contains the next 8 bits of the
first scanline, padded with zeros on the right if
necessary (and so on, down through the second
"column"). If the glyph is quite narrow, each scanline
is covered by 1 byte, with bits set to zero as
necessary for padding. If the glyph is very wide, a
third or even fourth set of bytes can be present.
NOTE: The character bitmaps must be stored
contiguously and arranged in ascending order.
The following is a single-character example, in which
are given the bytes for a 12 x 14 pixel character, as
shown here schematically.
............
.....**.....
....*..*....
...*....*...
..*......*..
..*......*..
..*......*..
..********..
..*......*..
..*......*..
..*......*..
............
............
............
The bytes are given here in two sets, because the
character is less than 17 pixels wide.
00 06 09 10 20 20 20 3F 20 20 20 00 00 00
00 00 00 80 40 40 40 C0 40 40 40 00 00 00
Note that in the second set of bytes, the second digit
of each is always zero. It would correspond to the 13th
through 16th pixels on the right side of the character,
if they were present.
The Windows 2.x version of dfCharTable has a GlyphEntry structure with
the following format:
GlyphEntry struc geWidth dw ? ; width of character bitmap in pixels geOffset dw ? ; pointer to the bits GlyphEntry endsThe Windows 3.0 version of the dfCharTable is dependent on the format of the Glyph bitmap.
NOTE: The only formats supported in Windows 3.0 will be DFF_FIXED and DFF_PROPORTIONAL.DFF_FIXED DFF_PROPORTIONAL
GlyphEntry struc geWidth dw ? ; width of character bitmap in pixels geOffset dd ? ; pointer to the bits GlyphEntry endsDFF_ABCFIXED DFF_ABCPROPORTIONAL
GlyphEntry struc geWidth dw ? ; width of character bitmap in pixels geOffset dd ? ; pointer to the bits geAspace dd ? ; A space in fractional pixels (16.16) geBspace dd ? ; B space in fractional pixels (16.16) geCspace dw ? ; C space in fractional pixels (16.16) GlyphEntry endsThe fractional pixels are expressed as a 32-bit signed number with an implicit binary point between bits 15 and 16. This is referred to as a 16.16 ("sixteen dot sixteen") fixed-point number. The ABC spacing here is the same as that defined above. However, here there are specific sets for each character. DFF_1COLOR DFF_16COLOR DFF_256COLOR DFF_RGBCOLOR
GlyphEntry struc geWidth dw ? ; width of character bitmap in pixels geOffset dd ? ; pointer to the bits geHeight dw ? ; height of character bitmap in pixels geAspace dd ? ; A space in fractional pixels (16.16) geBspace dd ? ; B space in fractional pixels (16.16) geCspace dd ? ; C space in fractional pixels (16.16) GlyphEntry endsDFF_1COLOR means 8 pixels per byte DFF_16COLOR means 2 pixels per byte DFF_256COLOR means 1 pixel per byte DFF_RGBCOLOR means RGBquads
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