If...Then...Else Statement

Description

Conditionally executes a group of statements, depending on the value of an expression.

Syntax

If condition Then [statements] [Else elsestatements]

Or, you can use the block form syntax:

If condition Then
[statements]

[ElseIf condition-n Then
[elseifstatements] ...

[Else
[elsestatements]]

End If

The If…Then…Else statement syntax has these parts

Part	Description

condition	Required. One or more of the following two types of expressions:
	A numeric expression or string expression that evaluates to True or False. If condition is Null, condition is treated as False.
	An expression of the form TypeOf objectname Is objecttype. The objectname is any object reference and objecttype is any valid object type. The expression is True if objectname is of the object type specified by objecttype; otherwise it is False.
statements	Optional in block form; required in single-line form that has no Else clause. One or more statements separated by colons; executed if condition is True.
condition-n	Optional. Same as condition.
elseifstatements	Optional. One or more statements executed if associated condition-n is True.
elsestatements	Optional. One or more statements executed if no previous condition or condition-n expression is True.

Remarks

You can use the single-line form (first syntax) for short, simple tests. However, the block form (second syntax) provides more structure and flexibility than the single-line form and is usually easier to read, maintain, and debug.

Note With the single-line form, it is possible to have multiple statements executed as the result of an If...Then decision. All statements must be on the same line and separated by colons, as in the following statement:

If A > 10 Then A = A + 1 : B = B + A : C = C + B

A block form If statement must be the first statement on a line. The Else, ElseIf, and End If parts of the statement can have only a line number or line label preceding them. The block If must end with an End If statement.

To determine whether or not a statement is a block If, examine what follows the Then keyword. If anything other than a comment appears after Then on the same line, the statement is treated as a single-line If statement.

The Else and ElseIf clauses are both optional. You can have as many ElseIf clauses as you want in a block If, but none can appear after an Else clause. Block If statements can be nested; that is, contained within one another.

When executing a block If (second syntax), condition is tested. If condition is True, the statements following Then are executed. If condition is False, each ElseIf condition (if any) is evaluated in turn. When a True condition is found, the statements immediately following the associated Then are executed. If none of the ElseIf conditions are True (or if there are no ElseIf clauses), the statements following Else are executed. After executing the statements following Then or Else, execution continues with the statement following End If.

Tip Select Case may be more useful when evaluating a single expression that has several possible actions. However, the TypeOf objectname Is objecttype clause can't be used with the Select Case statement.

See Also

#If...Then...#Else directive, Choose function, Select Case statement, Switch function.

Example

This example shows both the block and single-line forms of the If...Then...Else statement. It also illustrates the use of If TypeOf...Then...Else.

Dim Number, Digits, MyString
Number = 53                                ' Initialize variable.
If Number < 10 Then
    Digits = 1
ElseIf Number < 100 Then
' Condition evaluates to True so the next statement is executed.
    Digits = 2
Else
    Digits = 3
End If

' Assign a value using the single-line form of syntax.
If Digits = 1 Then MyString = "One" Else MyString = "More than one"

Use If TypeOf construct to determine whether the Control passed into a procedure is a text box.

Sub ControlProcessor(MyControl As Control)
    If TypeOf MyControl Is CommandButton Then
        Debug.Print "You passed in a " & TypeName(MyControl)
    ElseIf TypeOf MyControl Is CheckBox Then
        Debug.Print "You passed in a " & TypeName(MyControl)
    ElseIf TypeOf MyControl Is TextBox Then
        Debug.Print "You passed in a " & TypeName(MyControl)
    End If
End Sub

Example (Microsoft Excel)

This example loops on cells A1:D10 on Sheet1. If one of the cells has a value less than 0.001, the code replaces the value with 0 (zero).

For Each c in Worksheets("Sheet1").Range("A1:D10")
    If c.Value < .001 Then
        c.Value = 0
    End If
Next c

This example loops on the range named "TestRange" and then displays the number of empty cells in the range.

numBlanks = 0
For Each c In Range("TestRange")
    If c.Value = "" Then
        numBlanks = numBlanks + 1
    End If
Next c
MsgBox "There are " & numBlanks & " empty cells in this range."

This example sets the standard font to Geneva (on the Macintosh) or Arial (in Windows).

If Application.OperatingSystem Like "*Macintosh*" Then
    Application.StandardFont = "Geneva"
Else
    Application.StandardFont = "Arial"
End If