malloc

Allocates memory blocks.

void *malloc( size_t size );

Routine Required Header Compatibility
malloc <stdlib.h> and <malloc.h> ANSI, Win 95, Win NT

For additional compatibility information, see Compatibility in the Introduction.

Libraries

LIBC.LIB Single thread static library, retail version
LIBCMT.LIB Multithread static library, retail version
MSVCRT.LIB Import library for MSVCRT.DLL, retail version

Return Value

malloc returns a void pointer to the allocated space, or NULL if there is insufficient memory available. To return a pointer to a type other than void, use a type cast on the return value. The storage space pointed to by the return value is guaranteed to be suitably aligned for storage of any type of object. If size is 0, malloc allocates a zero-length item in the heap and returns a valid pointer to that item. Always check the return from malloc, even if the amount of memory requested is small.

Parameter

size

Bytes to allocate

Remarks

The malloc function allocates a memory block of at least size bytes. The block may be larger than size bytes because of space required for alignment and maintenance information.

The startup code uses malloc to allocate storage for the _environ, envp, and argv variables. The following functions and their wide-character counterparts also call malloc:

calloc fscanf _getw setvbuf
_exec functions fseek _popen _spawn functions
fgetc fsetpos printf _strdup
_fgetchar _fullpath putc system
fgets fwrite putchar _tempnam
fprintf getc _putenv ungetc
fputc getchar puts vfprintf
_fputchar _getcwd _putw vprintf
fputs _getdcwd scanf  
fread gets _searchenv  

The C++ _set_new_mode function sets the new handler mode for malloc. The new handler mode indicates whether, on failure, malloc is to call the new handler routine as set by _set_new_handler. By default, malloc does not call the new handler routine on failure to allocate memory. You can override this default behavior so that, when malloc fails to allocate memory, malloc calls the new handler routine in the same way that the new operator does when it fails for the same reason. To override the default, call

_set_new_mode(1)

early in your program, or link with NEWMODE.OBJ.

When the application is linked with a debug version of the C run-time libraries, malloc resolves to _malloc_dbg. For more information about how the heap is managed during the debugging process, see Using C Run-Time Library Debugging Support.

Example

/* MALLOC.C: This program allocates memory with
 * malloc, then frees the memory with free.
 */

#include <stdlib.h>         /* For _MAX_PATH definition */
#include <stdio.h>
#include <malloc.h>

void main( void )
{
   char *string;

   /* Allocate space for a path name */
   string = malloc( _MAX_PATH );
   if( string == NULL )
      printf( "Insufficient memory available\n" );
   else
   {
      printf( "Memory space allocated for path name\n" );
      free( string );
      printf( "Memory freed\n" );
   }
}

Output

Memory space allocated for path name
Memory freed

Memory Allocation Routines

See Also   calloc, free, realloc