PRB: Error Msg: LNK2001 on __beginthreadex and __endthreadex

• The Microsoft C/C++ Compiler (CL.EXE)
  • Microsoft Visual C++, 32-bit Editions, versions 2.0, 2.1, 4.0, 4.1, 4.2, 5.0, 6.0

SYMPTOMS

When compiling an MFC application using the single-threaded run-time library, you receive the following two unresolved external error messages:

   nafxcwd.lib(thrdcore.obj) : error LNK2001:
    unresolved external symbol "__beginthreadex" 

   nafxcwd.lib(thrdcore.obj) : error LNK2001:
    unresolved external symbol "__endthreadex" 

CAUSE

Starting with version 3.0, all MFC classes are "thread safe" and require the multi-threaded run-time libraries to link successfully. Many people try to use the single-threaded run-time libraries because they assume these libraries are needed to enable the application to run in Win32s. This is not the case. MFC versions 3.0 and later will use a single thread, so as long as you are not creating additional threads in the application, the application will run under Win32s.

RESOLUTION

To avoid these unresolved external errors, do not set the Project Settings to Single-Threaded for an MFC version 3.0 or later application. This setting can be changed by doing the following:

On Visual C 2.x and 5.0:

1. Select the PROJECT menu (and continue Steps 2 through 5 below).

1. Select the Build menu.



2. Select the SETTINGS... option.



3. Select the tab, C/C++.



4. Select CODE GENERATION on the Category list box.



5. Finally, make a selection other than SINGLE-THREADED on the Use Run Time Library list box.

STATUS

This behavior is by design.

MORE INFORMATION

For Win32s, MFC versions 3.0 and later do not create additional threads. However, the MFC does make use of Thread Local Storage (TLS) in the multithreaded libraries to provide per-process data in DLLs that are used by multiple applications under Win32s.

In the Project Settings dialog box, if you select the run-time library option to link "Multithreaded using DLL," you can take advantage of using the shared DLL, MSVCRTx0.DLL (where "x" represents the major version of Visual C++). There are separate versions of MSVCRTx0.DLL for Windows NT and Win32s that cannot be interchanged. "Multithreaded using DLL" is required when building an AFXDLL.

Linking to the multithreaded libraries may cause multiple defined symbol errors. This usually occurs when the application uses user-created or third-party static libraries that were created as single-threaded.

The best solution in this case is to rebuild the static libraries to use the same library options as MFC (either /MT or /MD, depending on which MFC lib is used).

In this case, you may be able to use /NOD:LIBC.LIB. However, if the static library accesses any static global C Run-Time data such as _errno or stdin, you will get unresolved externals on these symbols.

One solution which will always work is to isolate the single-threaded code into a DLL, and call it, protected by semaphores, from the multithreaded MFC code.

REFERENCES

For more information about the run-time library options, see the section titled "Code Generation Category" in Chapter 20 of the Visual C++ "User's Guide." Or refer to the following article in the Visual C++ Books Online:

  - Visual C++ Books
    - User's Guides
       - Visual C++ User's Guide
          - Setting Compiler Options
             - Setting Compiler Options
                - Code Generation
                   - Use Run-Time Library 

Additional query words: 3.00 9.00

Keywords : kbnokeyword kbMFC kbVC kbVC200 kbVC210 kbVC400 kbVC410 kbVC420 kbVC500 kbVC600
Version : WINNT:2.0,2.1,4.0,4.1,4.2,5.0,6.0;
Platform : NT WINDOWS
Issue type : kbprb