Between...And Operator

Description

Determines whether the value of an expression falls within a specified range of values. You can use this operator within SQL statements.

Syntax

expr [Not] Between value1 And value2

The Between...And operator syntax has these parts

Part	Description

expr	Expression identifying the field that contains the data you want to evaluate.
value1, value2	Expressions against which you want to evaluate expr.

Remarks If the value of expr is between value1 and value2 (inclusive), the Between...And operator returns True; otherwise, it returns False. You can include the Not logical operator to evaluate the opposite condition (that is, whether expr lies outside the range defined by value1 and value2).

You might use Between...And to determine whether the value of a field falls within a specified numeric range. The following example determines whether an order was shipped to a location within a range of postal codes. If the postal code is between 98101 and 98199, the IIf function returns "Local". Otherwise, it returns "Nonlocal".

SELECT IIf(PostalCode Between 98101 And 98199, "Local", "Nonlocal")
FROM Publishers

If expr, value1, or value2 is Null, Between...And returns a Null value.

Because wildcard characters, such as *, are treated as literals, you cannot use them with the Between...And operator. For example, you cannot use 980* and 989* to find all postal codes that start with 980 to 989. Instead, you have two alternatives for accomplishing this. You can add an expression to the query that takes the left three characters of the text field and use Between...And on those characters. Or you can pad the high and low values with extra characters — in this case, 98000 to 98999, or 98000 to 98999 9999 if using extended postal codes. (You must omit the – 0000 from the low values because otherwise 98000 is dropped if some postal codes have extended sections and others do not.)

See Also IN clause, SQL Expressions, WHERE clause.

Specifics (Microsoft Access)

In Microsoft Access, you can use the Between...And operator in a query expression or in a calculated control on a form or report.

You can use the Between...And operator in the Criteria row in the query design grid to create a parameter query. The Between...And operator enables you to prompt the user to enter a range of values by which the query is restricted. The expression supplied for the value1 argument serves as the prompt for the beginning of the range, and the expression supplied for the value2 argument serves as the prompt for the end of the range.

For example, suppose you have an Orders table that has an OrderDate field. Create a new query in the query design grid and drag the OrderDate field to the first Field cell in the grid. In the Criteria cell, enter the following statement:

Between [Enter beginning date:] And [Enter ending date:]

When you run the query, you will first be prompted with a dialog box that says "Enter beginning date:". Once you enter a value in that dialog and click OK, you will be prompted by a second dialog box that says "Enter ending date:". Assuming you enter valid dates, your results will include all the values in the OrderDate field that either match or fall between the dates you specified as parameters.

You can also use the Between...And operator in a calculated control to determine whether the value of the control falls within a specified numeric range. The following example determines whether an order was shipped to a location within a range of postal codes. If the ShipPostalCode field is between 98101 and 98199, the IIf function returns "Local". Otherwise, it returns "Nonlocal".

= IIf([ShipPostalCode] Between "98101" And "98199", "Local", "Nonlocal")

If any of the arguments supplied for the Between...And operator expression is Null, the Between...And operator returns a Null.

Example

This example lists the name and contact of every customer who placed an order in the second quarter of 1995.

This example calls the EnumFields procedure, which you can find in the SELECT statement example.

Sub SubQueryX()

    Dim dbs As Database, rst As Recordset

    ' Modify this line to include the path to Northwind
    ' on your computer.
    Set dbs = OpenDatabase("Northwind.mdb")
    
    ' List the name and contact of every customer
    ' who placed an order in the second quarter of
    ' 1995.
    Set rst = dbs.OpenRecordset("SELECT ContactName," _
        & " CompanyName, ContactTitle, Phone" _
        & " FROM Customers" _
        & " WHERE CustomerID" _
        & " IN (SELECT CustomerID FROM Orders" _
        & " WHERE OrderDate Between #04/1/95#" _
        & " And #07/1/95#);")
    ' Populate the Recordset.
    rst.MoveLast
    
    ' Call EnumFields to print the contents of the
    ' Recordset. Pass the Recordset object and desired
    ' field width.
    EnumFields rst, 25

    dbs.Close

End Sub