BETWEEN (T-SQL)

Specifies an inclusive range to test.

Syntax

test_expression [NOT] BETWEEN begin_expression AND end_expression

Arguments

test_expression

Is the expression to test for in the range as defined by begin_expression and end_expression. test_expression must be the same data type as both begin_expression and end_expression.

NOT

Specifies that the result of the predicate be negated.

begin_expression

Is any valid Microsoft® SQL Server™ expression. begin_expression must be the same data type as both test_expression and end_expression.

end_expression

Is any valid SQL Server expression. end_expression must be the same data type as both test_expression and begin_expression.

AND

Acts as a placeholder indicating that test_expression should be within the range indicated by begin_expression and end_expression.

Result Types

Boolean

Result Value

BETWEEN returns TRUE if the value of test_expression is greater than or equal to the value of begin_expression and less than or equal to the value of end_expression.

NOT BETWEEN returns TRUE if the value of test_expression is less than the value of begin_expression or greater than the value of end_expression.

Remarks

To specify an exclusive range, use the greater-than and less-than operators (> and <). If any input to the BETWEEN or NOT BETWEEN predicate is NULL, the result is UNKNOWN.

Examples

A. Use BETWEEN

This example returns all books with year-to-date sales between and including 4,095 through 12,000. Notice that books with sales of 4,095 are included in the results. If there were any books with sales of 12,000, they would also be included.

USE pubs

GO

SELECT title_id, ytd_sales

FROM titles

WHERE ytd_sales BETWEEN 4095 AND 12000

GO

Here is the result set:

title_id ytd_sales  

-------- -----------

BU1032   4095       

BU7832   4095       

PC1035   8780       

PC8888   4095       

TC7777   4095       

(5 row(s) affected)

B. Use > and < instead of BETWEEN

This example, which uses > and < operators, returns different results because these operators are not inclusive.

USE pubs

GO

SELECT title_id, ytd_sales        

FROM titles        

WHERE ytd_sales > 4095 AND ytd_sales < 12000        

GO

Here is the result set:

title_id ytd_sales  

-------- -----------

PC1035   8780       

(1 row(s) affected)

C. Use NOT BETWEEN

This example finds all rows outside a specified range (4,095 through 12,000).

USE pubs

GO

SELECT title_id, ytd_sales

FROM titles

WHERE ytd_sales NOT BETWEEN 4095 AND 12000

GO

Here is the result set:

title_id ytd_sales  

-------- -----------

BU1111   3876       

BU2075   18722      

MC2222   2032       

MC3021   22246      

PS1372   375        

PS2091   2045       

PS2106   111        

PS3333   4072       

PS7777   3336       

TC3218   375        

TC4203   15096      

(11 row(s) affected)

See Also