Direct3DRMFrame3 Methods N to Z

This section contains the reference material for the methods of the Direct3DRMFrame3 interface that begin with the letters N through Z.

Direct3DRMFrame3.RayPick

Direct3DRMFrame3

Searches the hierarchy starting at this Direct3DRMFrame3 object and calculates the intersections between any visuals and the ray specified by the Direct3DRMFrame3 interface referenced by the refer parameter.

Syntax

object.RayPick(refer As Direct3DRMFrame3,
  ray As D3DRMRAY,
  flags As CONST_D3DRMRAYPICKFLAGS) As Direct3DRMPick2Array

Parts

object
Object expression that resolves to a Direct3DRMFrame3 object.
refer
Direct3DRMFrame3 object that contains the ray.
ray
D3DRMRAY type that contains two D3DVECTOR types. The first D3DVECTOR type is the vector direction of the ray. The second D3DVECTOR type is the position of the ray's origin.
flags
One or more values from the CONST_D3DRMRAYPICKFLAGS enumerated type, indicating type of intersection calculated or interpolation options.

Return Value

Returns a Direct3DRMPick2Array object.

Error Values

For a list of possible errors, see Direct3D Retained Mode Error Values.

Remarks

There are two kinds of flags: optimization flags and interpolation flags. Optimization flags enable you to limit the search and therefore make it faster. Interpolation flags specify what to interpolate if a primitive is hit. The three interpolation choices are color, normal, and texture coordinates.
The ray is specified in the reference frame coordinate space (pointed to by refer). If the reference frame is NOTHING, the ray is specified in world coordinates.

Direct3DRMFrame3.Save

Direct3DRMFrame3

Saves a Direct3DRMFrame3 object to the specified file.

Syntax

object.Save(name As String,
  format As CONST_D3DRMXOFFORMAT,
  flags As CONST_D3DRMSAVEFLAGS)

Parts

object
Object expression that resolves to a Direct3DRMFrame3 object.
name
Name of the created file. This file must have the .x file name extension.
format
D3DRMXOF_TEXT value from the CONST_D3DRMXOFFORMAT enumerated type, indicating that the file is in text format.

flags
One or more values from the CONST_D3DRMSAVEFLAGS enumerated type describing the save options.

Error Values

For a list of possible errors, see Direct3D Retained Mode Error Values.

Direct3DRMFrame3.SetAxes

Direct3DRMFrame3

Sets the vectors that define a coordinate space by which the Direct3DRMFrame3.SetOrientation vectors are transformed.

Syntax

object.SetAxes(dx As Single,
  dy As Single,
  dz As Single,
  ux As Single,
  uy As Single,
  uz As Single)

Parts

object
Object expression that resolves to a Direct3DRMFrame3 object.
dx, dy, dz
The z-axis for the frame. Default is (0, 0, 1).
ux, uy, uz
The y-axis for the frame. Default is (0, 1, 0).

Error Values

For a list of possible errors, see Direct3D Retained Mode Error Values.

Remarks

This method helps support both left-handed and right-handed coordinate systems. This method also enables you to specify that the negative z-axis represents the front of the object.
The Direct3DRMFrame3.SetOrientation direction (dx, dy, dz) and up (ux, uy, uz) vectors are transformed according to the value of the SetAxes vectors.
The axes are inherited by child frames as specified in Direct3DRMFrame3.SetInheritAxes.

See Also

Direct3DRMFrame3.GetAxes, Direct3DRMFrame3.GetInheritAxes

Direct3DRMFrame3.SetBox

Direct3DRMFrame3

Sets the box to be used in bounding-box testing. For the bounding box to be valid, its minimum x-coordinate must be less than or equal to its maximum x-coordinate, its minimum y-coordinate must be less than or equal to its maximum y-coordinate, and its minimum z-coordinate must be less than or equal to its maximum z-coordinate.

Syntax

object.SetBox(box As D3DRMBOX)

Parts

object
Object expression that resolves to a Direct3DRMFrame3 object.
box
D3DRMBOX type that contains the bounding-box coordinates.

Error Values

For a list of possible errors, see Direct3D Retained Mode Error Values.

Remarks

This method supports a bounding box on a frame for hierarchical culling. For a bounding box to be enabled, the Direct3DRMFrame3.SetBoxEnable method must be used to set the enable flag to D_TRUE. By default, the box-enable flag is D_FALSE.

See Also

Direct3DRMFrame3.GetBox, Direct3DRMFrame3.GetBoxEnable

Direct3DRMFrame3.SetBoxEnable

Direct3DRMFrame3

Enables or disables bounding-box testing for this Direct3DRMFrame3 object. Bounding-box testing cannot be enabled unless a valid bounding box has already been set on the frame.

Syntax

object.SetBoxEnable(boxEnable As CONST_DBOOLFLAGS)

Parts

object
Object expression that resolves to a Direct3DRMFrame3 object.
boxEnable
Flag specifying whether bounding boxes are enabled. Specify D_TRUE to enable a bounding box or D_FALSE to disable a bounding box. Default is D_FALSE.

Error Values

For a list of possible errors, see Direct3D Retained Mode Error Values.

Remarks

Bounding-box testing is performed as follows: at render time, the bounding box is transformed into model space and checked for intersection with the viewing frustum. If the entire box is outside the viewing frustum, none of the visuals in the frame, or in any child frame, are rendered. Otherwise, rendering continues as usual.
Enabling bounding-box testing with a box of {0, 0, 0, 0} completely prevents a frame from being rendered.

See Also

Direct3DRMFrame3.GetBoxEnable, Direct3DRMFrame3.GetBox, Direct3DRMFrame3.SetBox

Direct3DRMFrame3.SetColor

Direct3DRMFrame3

Sets the color of the frame. This color is used for meshes in the frame when the CONST_D3DRMMATERIALMODE enumerated type is set to D3DRMMATERIAL_FROMFRAME.

Syntax

object.SetColor(c As Long)

Parts

object
Object expression that resolves to a Direct3DRMFrame3 object.
c

New color for the frame. Be sure to set the alpha component as well as the red, green, and blue color components or your objects might not be visible. To specify an object's color, including the alpha component, call the CreateColorRGBA method from the DirectX7 interface on the object.

Error Values

For a list of possible errors, see Direct3D Retained Mode Error Values.

See Also

Direct3DRMFrame3.GetColor, Direct3DRMFrame3.SetMaterialMode

Direct3DRMFrame3.SetColorRGB

Direct3DRMFrame3

Sets the color of the frame. This color is used for meshes in the frame when the CONST_D3DRMMATERIALMODE enumerated type is set to D3DRMMATERIAL_FROMFRAME.

Syntax

object.SetColorRGB(r As Single,
  g As Single,
  b As Single)

Parts

object
Object expression that resolves to a Direct3DRMFrame3 object.
r, g, b
New color for the frame. Each component of the color should be in the range 0.0 to 1.0.

Error Values

For a list of possible errors, see Direct3D Retained Mode Error Values.

See Also

Direct3DRMFrame3.SetMaterialMode

Direct3DRMFrame3.SetInheritAxes

Direct3DRMFrame3

Specifies whether the axes for the frame are inherited from the parent frame.

Syntax

object.SetInheritAxes(inheritFromParent As CONST_DBOOLFLAGS)

Parts

object
Object expression that resolves to a Direct3DRMFrame3 object.
inheritFromParent
Indicates whether the frame should inherit axes from its parent. If set to D_TRUE, the frame inherits axes (the default). If set to D_FALSE, the frame does not inherit axes.

Error Values

For a list of possible errors, see Direct3D Retained Mode Error Values.

Remarks

By default, the axes are inherited from the parent. If a frame is set to inherit from the parent, and there is no parent, the frame acts as if it inherits from a parent with the default axes (direction = (0, 0, 1) and up = (0, 1, 0)). This method allows a single policy for axes to be set at the root of the hierarchy.

See Also

Direct3DRMFrame3.GetInheritAxes, Direct3DRMFrame3.GetAxes, Direct3DRMFrame3.SetAxes

Direct3DRMFrame3.SetMaterial

Direct3DRMFrame3

Sets the material of the Direct3DRMFrame3 object.

Syntax

object.SetMaterial(mat As Direct3DRMMaterial2)

Parts

object
Object expression that resolves to a Direct3DRMFrame3 object.
mat
Direct3DRMMaterial object that will be applied to the frame.

Error Values

For a list of possible errors, see Direct3D Retained Mode Error Values.

See Also

Direct3DRMFrame3.GetMaterial

Direct3DRMFrame3.SetMaterialMode

Direct3DRMFrame3

Sets the material mode for a frame. The material mode determines the source of material information for visuals rendered with the frame.

Syntax

object.SetMaterialMode(val As CONST_D3DRMMATERIALMODE)

Parts

object
Object expression that resolves to a Direct3DRMFrame3 object.
val
One of the members of the CONST_D3DRMMATERIALMODE enumerated type, describing the source of material information for visuals rendered with a frame.

Error Values

For a list of possible errors, see Direct3D Retained Mode Error Values.

See Also

Direct3DRMFrame3.GetMaterialMode

Direct3DRMFrame3.SetMaterialOverride

Direct3DRMFrame3

Enables you to set specific material attributes. For example, this method enables you to override only the emissive property of materials.

Syntax

object.SetMaterialOverride(override As D3DRMMATERIALOVERRIDE)

Parts

object
Object expression that resolves to a Direct3DRMFrame3 object.
override
D3DRMMATERIALOVERRIDE type that describes the properties to override.

Error Values

For a list of possible errors, see Direct3D Retained Mode Error Values.

Remarks

The override always overrides everything down the hierarchy. If you override the emissive property in one frame, any attempts to override the same property farther down the hierarchy will be ignored. This override also takes precedence over standard frame overrides, as well as material properties on specific meshes. Overrides such as SetMaterial and SetTexture have no effect on the behavior of this method.

See Also

Direct3DRMFrame3.GetMaterialOverride

Direct3DRMFrame3.SetMaterialOverrideTexture

Direct3DRMFrame3

Sets the current per-attribute override settings for material attributes.

Syntax

object.SetMaterialOverrideTexture(tex As Direct3DRMTexture3)

Parts

object

Object expression that resolves to a Direct3DRMFrame3 object.

tex

Direct3DRMTexture3 interface to be set as the override texture.

Error Values

If this method fails, it can return DDERR_INVALIDOBJECT or DDERR_INVALIDPARAMS.
For a complete list of possible errors, see Direct3D Retained Mode Error Values.

See Also

Direct3DRMFrame3.GetMaterialOverrideTexture

Direct3DRMFrame3.SetOrientation

Direct3DRMFrame3

Aligns a frame so that its z-direction points along the direction vector [dx, dy, dz] and its y-direction aligns with the vector [ux, uy, uz].

Syntax

object.SetOrientation(reference As Direct3DRMFrame3,
  dx As Single,
  dy As Single,
  dz As Single,
  ux As Single,
  uy As Single,
  uz As Single)

Parts

object
Object expression that resolves to a Direct3DRMFrame3 object.
reference
Variable that represents the Direct3DRMFrame object to be used as the reference.
dx, dy, dz
New z-axis for the frame. Each component of the vector should be in the range 1.0 to 1.0.
ux, uy, uz
New y-axis for the frame. Each component of the vector should be in the range 1.0 to 1.0.

Error Values

For a list of possible errors, see Direct3D Retained Mode Error Values.

Remarks

The default orientation of a frame has a direction vector of [0, 0, 1] and an up vector of [0, 1, 0].
If [ux, uy, uz] is parallel to [dx, dy, dz], the D3DRMERR_BADVALUE error value is returned; otherwise, the [ux, uy, uz] vector passed is projected onto the plane that is perpendicular to [dx, dy, dz].
This method is also used to add an orientation key to a Direct3DRMFrameInterpolator object.

See Also

Direct3DRMFrame3.GetOrientation

Direct3DRMFrame3.SetPosition

Direct3DRMFrame3

Sets the position of a frame relative to the frame of reference. It places the frame a distance of [x, y, z] from the reference. When a child frame is created within a parent, it is placed at [0, 0, 0] in the parent frame.

Syntax

object.SetPosition(reference As Direct3DRMFrame3,
  x As Single,
  y As Single,
  z As Single)

Parts

object
Object expression that resolves to a Direct3DRMFrame3 object.
reference
Variable that represents the Direct3DRMFrame object to be used as the reference.
x, y, z
New position for the frame. Position has no units. Use the viewing frustum to choose reasonable numbers.

Error Values

For a list of possible errors, see Direct3D Retained Mode Error Values.

Remarks

This method is also used to add a position key to a Direct3DRMFrameInterpolator object.

See Also

Direct3DRMFrame3.GetPosition

Direct3DRMFrame3.SetQuaternion

Direct3DRMFrame3

Sets a frame's orientation relative to a reference frame using a unit quaternion.

Syntax

object.SetQuaternion(reference As Direct3DRMFrame3,
  quat As D3DRMQUATERNION)

Parts

object
Object expression that resolves to a Direct3DRMFrame3 object.

reference
Variable that represents the Direct3DRMFrame object to be used as the reference.

quat
D3DRMQUATERNION type used to set the frame's orientation.

Error Values

For a list of possible errors, see Direct3D Retained Mode Error Values.

Remarks

A quaternion is a four-valued vector that can be used to represent any rotation and has properties that are useful when interpolating between orientations. A quaternion is a unit quaternion if s**2 + x**2 + y**2 + z**2 = 1.
The SetQuaternion method is supported by interpolators.

Direct3DRMFrame3.SetRotation

Direct3DRMFrame3

Sets a frame rotating by the given angle around the given vector at each call to the Direct3DRM3.Tick or Direct3DRMFrame3.Move method. The direction vector [x, y, z] is defined in the reference frame.

Syntax

object.SetRotation(reference As Direct3DRMFrame3,
  x As Single,
  y As Single,
  z As Single,
  theta As Single)

Parts

object
Object expression that resolves to a Direct3DRMFrame3 object.
reference
Variable that represents the Direct3DRMFrame object to be used as the reference.
x, y, z
Vector about which rotation occurs. Valid values are in the range 1.0 to 1.0.
theta
Rotation angle, in radians. The larger the angle, the faster an object rotates. The Move and Tick methods scale this value.

Error Values

For a list of possible errors, see Direct3D Retained Mode Error Values.

Remarks

The specified rotation changes the matrix with every render tick, unlike the Direct3DRMFrame3.AddRotation method, which changes the objects in the frame only once.

See Also

Direct3DRMFrame3.GetRotation

Direct3DRMFrame3.SetSceneBackground

Direct3DRMFrame3

Sets the background color of a scene.

Syntax

object.SetSceneBackground(c As Long)

Parts

object
Object expression that resolves to a Direct3DRMFrame3 object.
c
New color for the background.

Error Values

For a list of possible errors, see Direct3D Retained Mode Error Values.

Remarks

This method is also used to add a background color key to a Direct3DRMFrameInterpolator object.

Direct3DRMFrame3.SetSceneBackgroundDepth

Direct3DRMFrame3

Specifies a background-depth buffer for a scene.

Syntax

object.SetSceneBackgroundDepth(s As DirectDrawSurface4)

Parts

object
Object expression that resolves to a Direct3DRMFrame3 object.
s
Microsoft DirectDraw® surface that will store the new background depth for the scene.

Error Values

For a list of possible errors, see Direct3D Retained Mode Error Values.

Remarks

The image must have a depth of 16 bits per pixel. If the image and viewport sizes are different, the image is scaled first. For best performance when animating the background-depth buffer, the image should be the same size as the viewport. This enables the depth buffer to be updated directly from the image memory without incurring extra overhead.

See Also

Direct3DRMFrame3.GetSceneBackgroundDepth

Direct3DRMFrame3.SetSceneBackgroundImage

Direct3DRMFrame3

Specifies a background image for a scene.

Syntax

object.SetSceneBackgroundImage(i As Direct3DRMTexture3)

Parts

object
Object expression that resolves to a Direct3DRMFrame3 object.
i
Direct3DRMTexture3 object that will contain the new background scene.

Error Values

For a list of possible errors, see Direct3D Retained Mode Error Values.

Remarks

If the image is a different size or color depth than the viewport, the image will first be scaled or converted to the correct depth. For best performance when animating the background, the image should be the same size and color depth. This enables the background to be rendered directly from the image memory without incurring any extra overhead.

Direct3DRMFrame3.SetSceneBackgroundRGB

Direct3DRMFrame3

Sets the background color of a scene.

Syntax

object.SetSceneBackgroundRGB(r As Single,
  g As Single,
  b As Single)

Parts

object
Object expression that resolves to a Direct3DRMFrame3 object.
r, g, b
New color for the background. Each component of the color should be in the range 0.0 to 1.0.

Error Values

For a list of possible errors, see Direct3D Retained Mode Error Values.

Remarks

This method is also used to add a background RGB color key to a Direct3DRMFrameInterpolator object.

Direct3DRMFrame3.SetSceneFogColor

Direct3DRMFrame3

Sets the fog color of a scene.

Syntax

object.SetSceneFogColor(c As Long)

Parts

object
Object expression that resolves to a Direct3DRMFrame3 object.
c
New color for the fog.

Error Values

For a list of possible errors, see Direct3D Retained Mode Error Values.

Remarks

This method is also used to add a fog color key to a Direct3DRMRFrameInterpolator object.

Direct3DRMFrame3.SetSceneFogEnable

Direct3DRMFrame3

Sets the fog-enable state.

Syntax

object.SetSceneFogEnable(enable As CONST_DBOOLFLAGS)

Parts

object
Object expression that resolves to a Direct3DRMFrame3 object.
enable
New fog-enable state. Set this parameter to D_FALSE to disable fog-enable state and to D_TRUE to enable fog-enable state.

Error Values

For a list of possible errors, see Direct3D Retained Mode Error Values.

Direct3DRMFrame3.SetSceneFogMethod

Direct3DRMFrame3

Specifies whether fogging will be performed by means of vertex fog or table fog.

Syntax

object.SetSceneFogMethod(enable As CONST_D3DRMFOGMETHOD)

Parts

object
Object expression that resolves to a Direct3DRMFrame3 object.
enable
Value indicating how fogging will be implemented. A value from the CONST_D3DRMFOGMETHOD enumerated type.

Error Values

If an error occurs, this method can return one of the following values.

D3DRMERR_BADVALUE
DDERR_INVALIDOBJECT
DDERR_INVALIDPARAMS

For a complete list of possible errors, see Direct3D Retained Mode Error Values.

Remarks

The default behavior for Direct3DRMFrame3 objects created by the Direct3DRM3 interface is D3DRMFOGMETHOD_ANY and the fog method will be chosen based on the capabilities of the device. If the device supports both vertex- and table-based fog, then vertex fogging will be used. If the application requests table fog, but table fog is not available, vertex fog will be used.

Direct3DRMFrame3.SetSceneFogMode

Direct3DRMFrame3

Sets the fog mode.

Syntax

object.SetSceneFogMode(c As CONST_D3DRMFOGMODE)

Parts

object
Object expression that resolves to a Direct3DRMFrame3 object.
c
One of the members of the CONST_D3DRMFOGMODE enumerated type, specifying the new fog mode.

Error Values

For a list of possible errors, see Direct3D Retained Mode Error Values.

See Also

Direct3DRMFrame3.SetSceneFogParams

Direct3DRMFrame3.SetSceneFogParams

Direct3DRMFrame3

Sets the fog start point, end point, and density for the scene.

Syntax

object.SetSceneFogParams(start As Single,
  End As Single,
  density As Single)

Parts

object
Object expression that resolves to a Direct3DRMFrame3 object.
start, End
Fog start and end points for linear fog mode. These settings determine the distance from the camera at which fog effects first become visible, and the distance at which fog reaches its maximum density.
density
Fog density for the exponential fog modes. This value should be in the range 0 through 1.

Error Values

For a list of possible errors, see Direct3D Retained Mode Error Values.

Remarks

This method is also used to add a fog parameters key to a Direct3DRMRFrameInterpolator object.

See Also

CONST_D3DRMFOGMODE, Direct3DRMFrame3.SetSceneFogMode

Direct3DRMFrame3.SetSortMode

Direct3DRMFrame3

Sets the sorting mode used to process child frames. You can use this method to change the properties of hidden-surface-removal algorithms.

Syntax

object.SetSortMode(val As CONST_D3DRMSORTMODE)

Parts

object
Object expression that resolves to a Direct3DRMFrame3 object.
val
One of the members of the CONST_D3DRMSORTMODE enumerated type, specifying the sorting mode. The default value is D3DRMSORT_FROMPARENT.

Error Values

For a list of possible errors, see Direct3D Retained Mode Error Values.

See Also

Direct3DRMFrame3.GetSortMode

Direct3DRMFrame3.SetTexture

Direct3DRMFrame3

Sets the texture of the frame.

Syntax

object.SetTexture(t As Direct3DRMTexture3)

Parts

object
Object expression that resolves to a Direct3DRMFrame3 object.
t
Direct3DRMTexture3 object to be used.

Error Values

For a list of possible errors, see Direct3D Retained Mode Error Values.

Remarks

The texture is used for meshes in the frame when the CONST_D3DRMMATERIALMODE enumerated type is D3DRMMATERIAL_FROMFRAME. To disable the frame's texture, use a NOTHING texture.

See Also

Direct3DRMFrame3.GetTexture, Direct3DRMFrame3.SetMaterialMode

Direct3DRMFrame3.SetTraversalOptions

Direct3DRMFrame3

Specifies whether this frame is traversed during rendering and picking.

Syntax

object.SetTraversalOptions(flags As CONST_D3DRMTRAVERALFLAGS)

Parts

object
Object expression that resolves to a Direct3DRMFrame3 object.
flags
One or more values from the CONST_D3DRMTRAVERALFLAGS enumerated type, indicating whether this frame is renderable and pickable. Using this method without a value of D3DRMFRAME_RENDERENABLE effectively switches the frame off for rendering. By default, the frame is enabled for rendering and picking.

Error Values

For a list of possible errors, see Direct3D Retained Mode Error Values.

Direct3DRMFrame3.SetVelocity

Direct3DRMFrame3

Sets the velocity of the given frame relative to the reference frame. The frame will be moved by the vector [x, y, z] with respect to the reference frame at each successive call to the Direct3DRM3.Tick or Direct3DRMFrame3.Move method.

Syntax

object.SetVelocity(reference As Direct3DRMFrame3,
  x As Single,
  y As Single,
  z As Single,
  with_rotation As CONST_DBOOLFLAGS)

Parts

object
Object expression that resolves to a Direct3DRMFrame3 object.
reference
Direct3DRMFrame object to be used as the reference.
x, y, z
New velocity for the frame. Rotational velocity has no units and can be any value. The Move and Tick methods scale this value.
with_rotation
Flag specifying whether the rotational velocity of the object is taken into account when setting the linear velocity. If set to D_TRUE, the object's rotational velocity is included in the calculation; otherwise, set to D_FALSE.

Error Values

For a list of possible errors, see Direct3D Retained Mode Error Values.

See Also

Direct3DRMFrame3.GetVelocity

Direct3DRMFrame3.SetZbufferMode

Direct3DRMFrame3

Sets whether z-buffering is enabled or disabled.

Syntax

object.SetZbufferMode(val As CONST_D3DRMZBUFFERMODE)

Parts

object
Object expression that resolves to a Direct3DRMFrame3 object.
val
One of the members of the CONST_D3DRMZBUFFERMODE enumerated type, specifying the z-buffer mode. The default value is D3DRMZBUFFER_FROMPARENT.

Error Values

For a list of possible errors, see Direct3D Retained Mode Error Values.

See Also

Direct3DRMFrame3.GetZbufferMode

Direct3DRMFrame3.Transform

Direct3DRMFrame3

Transforms the given vector and returns the result.

Syntax

object.Transform(d As D3DVECTOR,
  s As D3DVECTOR)

Parts

object
Object expression that resolves to a Direct3DRMFrame3 object.

d

D3DVECTOR type that will be filled with the result of the transformation operation.
s
D3DVECTOR type that is the source of the transformation operation.

Error Values

For a list of possible errors, see Direct3D Retained Mode Error Values.

See Also

Direct3DRMFrame3.InverseTransform

Direct3DRMFrame3.TransformVectors

Direct3DRMFrame3

Transforms an array of vectors from model- to world-space.

Syntax

object.TransformVectors(reference As DIRECT3DRMFrame3,
  num As Long,
  DstVectors() As D3DVECTOR,
  SrcVectors() As D3DVECTOR)

Parts

object
Object expression that resolves to a Direct3DRMFrame3 object.
reference
Frame that will be used as the root of the scene for the purposes of this call. If this argument is NOTHING, the current root frame (as would be returned by the Direct3DRMFrame3.GetScene method) will be used.
num
Number of vectors to be transformed.
DstVectors()
Destination of the transformation.
SrcVectors()
Array of vectors to transform.

Error Values

For a list of possible errors, see Direct3D Retained Mode Error Values.

See Also

D3DVECTOR